What issues should be paid attention to in the care of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma refers to a malignant tumor that occurs in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan and other places in China are high-incidence areas, with more males than females. Most of the patients are middle-aged, and there are also teenagers who are sick. The cause is related to racial susceptibility (yellow people are more likely to be sick than white people), genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly malignant and cervical lymph node metastasis can occur in the early stage. After nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients have received treatment methods suitable for them, the most important thing is to adopt correct nursing methods to promote the body's recovery as soon as possible. So what issues should be paid attention to in the care of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients?

1. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma nursing - Mental: relieve the mental burden of patients and eliminate the adverse consequences caused by tension, anxiety and fear. Nurses should take the initiative to care for patients and often go to the ward to explain to patients the common knowledge about tumors and treatment. They can organize work-break activities, small lectures, or ask cured patients to share their experience in cooperating with treatment, etc.

2. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma care - diet: The purpose is to improve the nutritional status of patients, reduce the consumption of the tumor itself and the consumption during radiotherapy, so as to ensure that patients can successfully complete the radiotherapy plan. Generally, low-fat, light, high-protein, high-calorie, high-vitamin, high-iron, non-irritating food should be given. Smoking and drinking are prohibited, and irritation of the oral and nasal mucosa should be avoided. After radiotherapy, if the food is tasteless or has a peculiar smell and there is a reaction in the oral mucosa, it is necessary to encourage eating and persuade the patient to eat small meals frequently. If the oral reaction is severe, a semi-liquid diet is given and it is encouraged to drink more water;

3. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma care - irradiated skin: Keep the irradiated skin clean and dry, avoid using alkaline soaps, ointments, cosmetics, prevent mechanical stimulation, friction and scratching, avoid hot compresses, apply peppermint starch for local itching, and apply hydrogenated oil for mild exudation or ulceration;

4. Nasopharyngeal cancer care - oral cavity: pay attention to oral hygiene, brush your teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush, and rinse your mouth with saline or Dobel's solution. It is best to brush your teeth and rinse your mouth after meals and before going to bed. If you have oral ulcers, you can spray throat wind powder or use oral ulcer cream. Before radiotherapy, you must clean your teeth and treat dental diseases to avoid a decrease in local resistance after radiotherapy. If you extract teeth, it will cause extensive bone necrosis;

5. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma care - nasopharyngeal cavity: keep the nasopharyngeal cavity clean, rinse the nasal cavity twice a day, and use 0.25% chloramphenicol eye drops for nose drops, and chloramphenicol solution for throat and oropharynx spray 2 to 3 times a day;

6. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma care - eyes and ears: Pay attention to the cleanliness and protection of the ears and eyes. You can use anti-infection eye drops, tetracycline, erythromycin eye ointment, etc. If the eyes cannot be closed, cover them with gauze at night;

7. Nursing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma - nasopharyngeal bleeding: When there is a small amount of blood in the mucus, ephedrine can be used locally to stop bleeding; when there is moderate bleeding, ephedrine, adrenaline gauze or nasal cotton can be used to stop bleeding locally, and hemostatic drugs can be injected intramuscularly; when there is a large amount of bleeding, ask the patient not to swallow the bleeding, keep calm, and report to the doctor in time for rescue. Let the patient lie flat; infusion, blood transfusion, prepare oxygen and sputum suction, place ice packs on the upper part of the nose, use vaseline gauze to pack the posterior nasal foramen of the nasopharynx to stop bleeding, intravenously drip a large amount of hemostatic agents, and closely observe changes in blood pressure, pulse, and respiration.

Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma may include stuffy ears, but patients generally do not pay much attention to it. This is because nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly malignant, has early lymph node metastasis, and is hidden in its location. Local symptoms such as bloody nasal discharge and stuffy nose appear later. More than half of the cases only show extranasal symptoms in the early stage, and stuffy ears are not easy to detect. Therefore, the early missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is high.

The above are the issues that patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma should pay attention to in their care. Experts suggest: when the above symptoms appear in the body, you must go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time, and ask the doctor to develop a treatment plan suitable for you according to your condition, and actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment to ensure good health and a healthy and happy life!

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