What does new metabolism mean

Metabolism is the conversion of a living organism's own energy into the energy of the natural environment, or the exchange of substances between the organism and the environment. These are all metabolism. Metabolism is very important for living organisms. In the process of completing metabolism, living organisms must take in enough energy in time to maintain the normal operation of the body. They must also pay attention to the safety of their own diet and eat foods that are beneficial to their health.

The exchange of matter and energy between the body and the environment and the self-renewal of matter and energy in the body are called metabolism, including anabolism (assimilation) and catabolism (dissimilation).

Assimilation

Depending on whether organisms can use inorganic matter to produce organic matter during the assimilation process, metabolism can be divided into three types: autotrophic, heterotrophic and facultative.

Autotrophic

Green plants absorb inorganic substances directly from the external environment, transform them into complex organic substances through photosynthesis, and store energy to maintain their own life activities. This type of metabolism is autotrophic. A few types of bacteria are unable to carry out photosynthesis, but can use the energy released by the oxidation of certain inorganic substances in the extracorporeal environment to produce organic matter, and rely on the energy released by the oxidation and decomposition of these organic substances to maintain their own life activities. This synthesis is called chemosynthesis. For example, nitrifying bacteria can convert ammonia (NH3) in the soil into nitrite (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3), and use the energy released by this oxidation process to synthesize organic matter. In short, in the process of assimilation, organisms can transform inorganic substances absorbed from the external environment into their own constituent substances and store energy. This type of metabolism is called autotrophic.

Heterotrophic

Humans and animals cannot carry out photosynthesis like green plants, nor can they perform chemosynthesis like nitrifying bacteria. They can only rely on the intake of ready-made organic matter in the external environment to maintain their own life activities. This type of metabolism is heterotrophic. In addition, fungi that live saprophytically or parasitic lives and most types of bacteria also have heterotrophic metabolism types. In short, in the process of assimilation, organisms convert ready-made organic matter absorbed from the external environment into their own constituent substances and store energy. This type of metabolism is called heterotrophic.

Facultative trophic type

Some organisms (such as Rhodospirilla) can use light energy to fix carbon dioxide and synthesize organic matter in the absence of organic matter, thereby meeting their own growth and development needs; when organic matter is available, these organisms will use the available organic matter to meet their own growth and development needs.

Alienation

According to the organism's demand for oxygen during the process of catabolism, the basic types of metabolism can be divided into three types: aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic.

Aerobic

Most animals and plants need to live in an environment with sufficient oxygen. During the process of alienation, they must continuously absorb oxygen from the external environment to oxidize and decompose organic matter in the body and release the energy contained therein in order to maintain their various life activities. This type of metabolism is called aerobic, also known as aerobic respiration.

Anaerobic

This type of organisms includes lactic acid bacteria and a few animals such as parasites that live in animals' bodies. Even under oxygen-deficient conditions, they can still oxidize organic matter in their bodies and obtain the energy needed to maintain their own life activities. This type of metabolism is called anaerobic respiration.

Facultative anaerobic

This type of organism carries out aerobic respiration under conditions of sufficient oxygen, completely decomposing organic matter into carbon dioxide and water, and incompletely decomposing organic matter into lactic acid or alcohol and water under conditions of lack of oxygen. A typical facultative anaerobic organism is yeast.

Yeast is a single-cell fungus that is usually found in environments with high sugar content and acidity, such as the surface of vegetables and fruits and in the soil of vegetable gardens and orchards. Yeast is a facultative anaerobic microorganism that decomposes sugars into carbon dioxide and water under aerobic conditions and into carbon dioxide and alcohol under anaerobic conditions. Yeast is widely used in production. In addition to the well-known brewing and dough making, it can also be used to produce organic acids, extract various enzymes, etc.