Renal dialysis fistula

With the timely development and progress of science, many patients with uremia now need to undergo osmotic fistula to stabilize their condition. Renal dialysis fistula surgery requires going to a professional hospital for treatment, and there are many precautions to be aware of after the operation. Providing good nursing care is also an important task for patients with renal dialysis fistula. It is recommended that family members and friends help patients recover through daily care and diet.

The principle of renal dialysis fistula

Hemodialysis, commonly known as "artificial kidney", is a treatment method in which blood and dialysate are placed on both sides of an artificial semipermeable membrane, and their different concentrations and osmotic pressures are used to allow them to diffuse and penetrate each other. Hemodialysis can excrete excess water and metabolic waste from the patient's body, and absorb electrolytes and alkalis that the body lacks from the dialysate, so as to achieve the purpose of correcting the water, electrolyte and acid-base balance.

Dialysis Process

At the beginning of dialysis, the patient's blood is introduced into the arterial line through the vascular access, the debubbler, and reaches the dialyzer. Blood and dialysate are countercurrently exchanged with the help of the semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer. The exchanged dialysate enters the waste tank and is discarded, while the "purified" blood is re-injected into the patient's body through the debubbler and venous pipeline from the venous vascular access to achieve the purpose of "cleaning".

Indications

(1) Acute renal failure (see chapter on acute renal failure).

(2) Chronic renal failure (see the chapter on chronic renal failure).

(3) Acute drug or poison poisoning.

Contraindications

(1) Severe heart failure.

(2) Severe arrhythmia.

(3) There is an obvious bleeding tendency.

(4) Shock or low blood pressure occurs, with systolic blood pressure lower than 10.6 kPa (80 mmHg).

(5) Patients who have recently undergone major surgery.

Vascular access

Generally, an arteriovenous fistula and an arteriovenous fistula are established. It can be used 3 to 5 days after surgery and can be used immediately for emergencies. It should be used 3 to 6 weeks after surgery, otherwise hematoma may form and the service life will be shortened.

The operation is simple but complicated, and puncture is required for each dialysis.

Infection rate: Infection rarely occurs.

The service life is about 10 months.

Dangerous connection tube detachment can cause massive bleeding and death. An excessively large anastomotic shunt can increase the burden on the heart and cause heart failure.