How many methods of ligation are there now?

In the life of both sexes, contraception is always an issue that everyone is concerned about. There are many methods of contraception on the market. The most common methods are condoms or birth control pills. In fact, many people choose to have a sterilization as a means of contraception. Everyone knows that medical technology is very advanced now, and there are many methods of sterilization. So how many methods of sterilization are there now? The ligation method is described below.

There are several ways to tie

Male sterilization surgery:

1. Vasectomy: Make a small incision on the skin on both sides of the scrotum (sometimes a small incision is made in the middle of the scrotum). Use vas deferens fixation forceps to fix the vas deferens through the incision, then separate a small section of the vas deferens, tie two ligatures on the vas deferens with steel wire, and remove 1 cm long vas deferens between the two ligatures. The operation is completed and the incision is generally not sutured.

2. Vas deferens injection blockage: This method uses scrotal skin puncture to inject chemical blockers into the vas deferens. The adhesive is a liquid that solidifies quickly after being injected into the vas deferens to block the vas deferens and stop sperm from passing through, thereby achieving the purpose of sterilization. Since this sterilization procedure does not require surgery and does not cut or tie the vasectomy, the purpose of sterilization can be achieved with just one injection, eliminating the psychological barrier of people's fear of surgery, so it is very popular among the people.

3. Reversible injection occlusion of the vas deferens: This is a new type of sterilization surgery, which also uses scrotal skin puncture to inject the occlusive agent into the vas deferens. The suppository is liquid at room temperature. After being injected into the vas deferens, it quickly solidifies and forms an elastic plug that tightly blocks the vas deferens, thereby preventing sperm from passing through and achieving the purpose of sterilization. The biggest feature of this sterilization method is its reversibility. If reproduction is needed, the plug can be removed to restore fertility.

4. Vas deferens silver clamp sterilization: This method is to separate a section of the vas deferens through surgery, and then use a special silver clamp (V-shaped or U-shaped) to clamp and tighten the vas deferens to cause occlusion of the lumen to prevent sperm from passing through.

5. Vas deferens electrocoagulation sterilization: This operation involves inserting a special insulating needle into the vas deferens cavity and using high-frequency electric current to cause burns to a small section of the vas deferens mucosa, which will then gradually heal. The scar formed after scabbing can block the vas deferens and cause infertility.

Female sterilization surgery:

1. Different methods of fallopian tube blocking:

Tubal ligation, chemical blockage or embolization of the fallopian tubes, various fallopian tube clips and intra-tubal emboli blockage.

2. Classification by surgical approach:

Transabdominal: There are two ways, one is to perform various sterilization surgeries through a small incision in the lower abdomen; the other is to perform various sterilization surgeries under laparoscopy. The former method is still the most widely used in my country.

Transvaginal: The fornix is ​​cut open for tubal ligation. This method is rarely used now. Another method is to insert a catheter into the uterine cavity through the vagina and inject drugs into both fallopian tubes to block them and achieve the purpose of sterilization.

3. According to whether it is reversible or not, it can be divided into:

Female sterilization with reversible hope: various fallopian tube clips; fallopian tube occlusion; ovarian transposition and embedding; fallopian tube burial outside the peritoneum, fallopian tube fimbria embedding, fallopian tube thread embedding plus silver clip occlusion. Irreversible female sterilization: various tubal ligation techniques, tubal occlusion techniques, and laparoscopic tubal electrocoagulation techniques.

4. Special sterilization method:

Radiation sterilization, which uses deep X-ray external irradiation or radioactive isotope intrauterine irradiation to destroy ovarian function and achieve the purpose of sterilization, is called radiation sterilization. This method is not suitable for healthy women, but is occasionally used for patients with breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer who have not undergone oophorectomy. Radiation can not only treat the disease and inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence, but also achieve the purpose of sterilization. This method is occasionally used for patients with severe functional uterine bleeding who are unwilling to undergo surgery but have not responded to drug treatment. Radiation sterilization may also be considered. Considering the adverse radiation reactions that radiation can cause to the human body, this method of sterilization is generally not used except in very special circumstances.

5. According to the different methods of tubal ligation, it is divided into:

Proximal end embedding method, fallopian tube fimbria ligation and resection method, bilateral fallopian tube ligation and resection method, fallopian tube resection, fallopian tube compression ligation method, fallopian tube isthmus resection and ligation.