What are the complications of severe anemia?

In daily life, anemia is a relatively common physical disease. Anemia not only easily leads to a poor complexion, but also reduces the body's resistance and makes it easy to get infected by physical diseases. Severe anemia is also a relatively common physical disease. Severe anemia can easily lead to some complications, such as dizziness or insomnia.

Complications of moderate anemia

1. Anemia. Anemia is the first complication of aplastic anemia, which is caused by a decrease in red blood cells. Patients experience adverse symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and tinnitus.

2. Bleeding. Some patients have thrombocytopenia and lack of other coagulation factors, which leads to bleeding tendency. Patients typically present with gingival and epistaxis, and skin petechiae and ecchymoses. Female patients may experience menstrual abnormalities and vaginal bleeding, and even internal bleeding, sometimes accompanied by dizziness, blurred vision, nausea and other adverse symptoms. In severe cases, platelet suspension can be transfused and hemostatic drugs can be used, such as Anluoxue 5 mg, taken orally 3 times a day.

3. Mental abnormality. Vitamin B12 deficiency can not only cause peripheral neuritis, but in severe cases it can also cause mental abnormalities such as depression and excitement. This is related to the abnormalities in brain nerve tissue caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. For patients with obvious depression, give 25 mg of doxepin orally, 3 times a day.

4. Gastritis. Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic anemia caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B12. At this time, the gastric glands may be severely atrophied, the parietal cells are lost, and the intrinsic factor cannot be secreted. The intrinsic factor is a cofactor for the absorption of vitamin B12. More than 80% of patients have no changes in the gastric antrum (type A gastritis).

5. Rheumatoid arthritis. It is expected to occur in 30%-60% of patients. There is evidence that patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are anemic are more likely to have severe disease, joint involvement, loss of function and higher levels of pain, which are more common complications of anemia.

6. Infection. Infection due to leukopenia in the patient's body is the most common complication of aplastic anemia. In the early stages, patients experience adverse symptoms such as weight loss, persistent fever, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, patients may develop systemic infections or even sepsis. Infections often aggravate bleeding and lead to death.

7. Gout. Severe megaloblastic anemia can be seen in ineffective hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, which leads to excessive destruction of blood cells, increased uric acid in the serum and cause gout. Control the development of gout mainly by correcting anemia.

8. Cirrhosis of the liver. Almost two-thirds of patients may have mild to moderate anemia. Anemia always appears quietly. When the patient is at a loss due to poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, nosebleeds, and vomiting blood, his complexion begins to deteriorate, and the color of his lips and nail beds becomes lighter. Only then will the doctor tell you that anemia has occurred.

9. Heart failure. Severe anemia can easily lead to myocardial hypoxia and heart failure. In addition, the activation of myocardial energy sources requires the action of vitamin B12. Lack of vitamin B12 affects the activation of ATP, aggravates myocardial disorders, and promotes heart failure. Therefore, when severe megalomania is accompanied by cardiovascular disease, attention should be paid to heart function. Treatment: After excluding other causes of heart failure, red blood cell suspension should be transfused immediately and diuretics should be given at the same time to prevent worsening of heart failure.