The relationship between blood sugar and urine sugar

Blood sugar is the sugar that participates in the blood circulation system in the human body. It is the sugar dissolved in the blood, while urine sugar is the sugar that exists in the urine. Too high sugar content in the urine indicates diabetes. Blood sugar and urine sugar are both sugar components in the body. Excessive levels of either will have a great impact on the body. High blood sugar will cause hyperglycemia, and high urine sugar will cause diabetes. Let's take a closer look at the relationship between blood sugar and urine sugar.

Urine sugar is closely related to blood sugar:

(1) When blood sugar rises rapidly, urine sugar is often negative. That is, no urine sugar can be detected. This is because the stress of increased blood sugar in the human body puts the body in a state of conserving blood sugar.

(2) Blood sugar remains at a very high level and no longer rises, and urine sugar may show a seriously positive result. This is because the body's urge to recycle blood sugar is relieved.

(3) The increase in blood sugar begins to gradually ease and the urine sugar test is positive. This is when the body is releasing blood sugar.

Urine sugar and diabetes:

The name of diabetes comes from the discovery of sugar in urine. Currently, diabetes has become a recognized disease name, but its connotation has changed a lot. People no longer simply understand diabetes as sugar in the urine. In fact, sugar is occasionally found in the urine of healthy people. The diagnosis of diabetes is based on blood sugar.

1. Hyperglycemia-related diabetes

(1) Dietary diabetes is caused by consuming large amounts of sugar (>200g) in a short period of time. The diagnosis is confirmed by checking the morning fasting urine.

(2) Persistent diabetes mellitus is a persistently positive test in the fasting urine in the early morning. It is common in diabetes caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. At this time, the fasting blood glucose level often exceeds the renal threshold, and the sugar excretion in the 24-hour urine is close to 100g or more. The total amount of urine sugar per day is parallel to the severity of the disease. If glomerular arteriosclerosis occurs, the glomerular filtration rate will decrease and the renal glucose threshold will increase. Although the blood sugar level is above normal at this time, the urine sugar will be negative. 2 hours after eating, the blood sugar level will increase due to the increased load and the urine sugar will be positive. For patients with this type of diabetes, it is necessary not only to check the fasting blood sugar and urine sugar quantification, but also to conduct further glucose tolerance test.

(3) Other diseases: hyperglycemia and diabetes.

① Hyperthyroidism: due to accelerated blood flow in the intestinal wall and faster absorption of sugar, blood sugar increases after meals and causes diabetes.

② Acromegaly can cause high blood sugar and diabetes due to excessive secretion of growth hormone.

③ Pheochromocytoma may cause excessive secretion of adrenaline and norepinephrine, which may increase the activity of phosphorylase, promote the degradation of liver glycogen into glucose, cause increased blood sugar and lead to diabetes.

④ Cushing's syndrome: due to increased cortisol secretion, glycogenolysis is stimulated, hexose phosphokinase is inhibited and the action of insulin is opposed, thus causing diabetes.