What diseases can a full blood test detect?

When a sick person goes to the hospital for a checkup, blood and urine tests are usually performed. Doctors will determine what disease the patient has based on the results of blood and urine tests. Under normal circumstances, the degree of bacterial infection in the blood will reflect many diseases of the patient. A full blood test can detect many diseases, such as metabolic diseases, endocrine diseases, blood diseases, and liver and kidney diseases.

1. Infectious diseases:

Under normal circumstances, there are no bacteria in the blood. When there is a serious systemic infection, bacteria will multiply in large numbers in the blood. When bacteremia or even toxemia occurs, persistent high fever and chills may occur. At this time, pathogenic microorganisms can be cultured through blood drawing and culture. Many infectious diseases, such as syphilis and AIDS, can be detected through blood tests.

2. Metabolic diseases:

Many improper living habits can cause metabolic disorders of sugar, lipids, and proteins in the body. Diabetes, lipid abnormalities, hyperuricemia, etc. can be detected through indicators such as blood sugar, triglycerides, cholesterol, and uric acid.

3. Endocrine diseases:

The hypothalamus-pituitary gland stimulates target organs to release a variety of hormones into the blood, so the levels of hormones such as insulin and thyroxine can be detected by drawing blood. Under normal circumstances, they should be within the standard range, and exceeding the reference value often indicates an abnormal situation.

4. Blood system diseases:

For example, abnormally high white blood cell counts can be seen in leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases and malignant tumors. When white blood cells in the body proliferate malignantly, it will affect the normal hematopoiesis of the bone marrow and produce a large number of leukemia cells. Low red blood cells and hemoglobin can be seen in various pathological anemias.

5. Tumor diseases:

When different tissues and organs become cancerous, tumor cells synthesize or release their unique biological substances. Through tumor marker screening, early lesions of gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and other tumors can be found. Although some indicators are not very sensitive and specific, they can still provide help for preliminary screening.

6. Liver and kidney diseases:

Abnormalities in renal metabolites such as creatinine and urea nitrogen can be used to detect problems with glomerular filtration function, allowing for further examination and diagnosis of kidney disease. When the liver is damaged, liver cells are destroyed and transaminases are released, leading to elevated transaminases in the blood, thus detecting liver disease.

7. Rheumatic and immune diseases:

When rheumatic immune system diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis occur, abnormalities can be detected through indicators such as autoantibodies, complement, and cytokine tests, which can help with diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment.