What is the reason for 2 plus signs in urine routine occult blood

If the urine routine test shows two plus signs for occult blood, most people will panic once they get this test result, because many people will think that this is a serious problem. In fact, whether this disease is serious or not still depends on the individual's test results. Generally speaking, if the urine routine test shows anemia, it may also be caused by diseases of the ureter and bladder, which leads to hematuria.

1. Causes of hematuria

1. Under normal circumstances, there are no red blood cells in urine. In medicine, the patient's urine is centrifuged and then examined under a microscope. If there are more than 5 red blood cells in each high-power field of view, it is called hematuria. If red blood cells are only detected under a microscope, but the blood in the urine cannot be seen with the naked eye, it is called microscopic hematuria. If the urine can be seen to be "meat washing water-like" or bloody, or even contains blood streaks or blood clots, it is called gross hematuria. Therefore, not all hematuria can be detected by the eyes. You can see blood in the urine with your eyes. About 1 ml of blood is mixed in about 1000 ml of urine. This means that the hematuria is serious and the cause should be found out quickly and treated actively.

2. Hematuria is often caused by diseases of the urinary organs. Human urine is produced in the kidneys and excreted from the body through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. If any of these organs are diseased or bleeding occurs, it can cause hematuria. Common diseases that cause hematuria include various nephritis, urinary tract infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary tract stones, renal tuberculosis, renal tumors, kidney and urethra injuries, etc. Hematuria is one of the main symptoms of the above diseases.

2. Differential diagnosis of hematuria

If there is hematuria at the beginning of urination but normal urine in the latter part, it is usually caused by urethral disease. If there is normal at the beginning of urination but hematuria near the end, it is usually caused by cystitis and prostate disease. If there is "hematuria throughout the whole process" and the blood is dark red, it is usually caused by kidney disease. Hematuria is rarely a sign of shock.

3. Hematuria is common in the following diseases:

1. Acute glomerulonephritis with hematuria, oliguria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and tonsillitis one week before the onset of the disease.

2. Pyelonephritis, hematuria accompanied by dysuria, urgency, frequency, low back pain and fever.

3. The characteristics of urinary system stones are hematuria accompanied by renal colic, or symptoms such as interrupted urination, difficulty urinating, and painful urination.

4. More than 90% of patients with renal tuberculosis have hematuria, which is characterized by gradually increasing urgency, frequency and pain when urinating.

5. Kidney and urinary tract injuries are often accompanied by a history of lumbar or abdominal trauma, such as bruises, collisions, falls, etc.

6. Allergic purpura is a disease that causes bleeding spots on the skin, gastrointestinal bleeding, and joint pain. Hematuria occurs 2 to 4 weeks after the appearance of bleeding spots on the skin.

7. Systemic diseases: Vitamin C and vitamin K deficiency, and blood diseases such as leukemia and hemophilia can cause hematuria.