What are the methods for detecting proteinuria

Proteinuria is actually the main symptom of kidney disease. Kidney disease causes great harm to the human body. While patients are undergoing routine treatment, they should also pay more attention to their diet so that the disease can recover faster. For some patients with more serious conditions, it is best to eat some high-quality low-protein foods, which can effectively relieve symptoms and improve the patient's body resistance. So what are the methods for detecting proteinuria?

First, what are the methods for detecting proteinuria? The following three methods are commonly used clinically: Qualitative test for urine protein: usually three methods are used: protein test paper method, sulfosalicylic acid method, and heated acetic acid method. Under normal circumstances, the qualitative test for urine protein is negative. However, this examination method is easily affected by some factors and may cause false results. For example, when the urate content is high, the urine will react acidically, the protein test paper method result will be lower than the actual situation, and the sulfosalicylic acid method will easily give a false positive result; when a large amount of penicillin is used, the sulfosalicylic acid method will easily give a false positive reaction; when sulfonic contrast agents are used, both the sulfosalicylic acid method and the heated acetic acid method may give false positive reactions; when the urine is strongly alkaline, there will be more false results, or a false negative reaction will occur in the protein test paper method, or a false negative reaction will occur in the sulfosalicylic acid method and the heated acetic acid method. When urine protein is only some specific proteins, both the protein test paper method and the sulfosalicylic acid method are insensitive. Therefore, when conducting qualitative analysis of urine protein, various factors should be taken into consideration, specific analysis should be conducted, and an appropriate method should be selected. Although qualitative tests are more convenient, they are sometimes difficult to reflect the actual situation of proteinuria. When conditions permit, it is best to perform quantitative tests.

Second, quantitative determination of urine protein: generally ECTkey=24-hour urine protein quantification target=_blank>24-hour urine protein quantification test is performed. There are many methods used. Although some methods are relatively accurate, such as the Kjeldahl method and the biuret method, the operation is very complicated. At present, simple semi-quantitative methods are mostly used in clinical practice, such as Eschbach's quantitative method and sulfosalicylic acid turbidimetric quantitative method. A 24-hour urine protein quantity between 0.15 and 0.5 grams is microproteinuria, between 0.5 and 1 gram is mild proteinuria, between 1 and 4 grams is moderate proteinuria, and greater than 4 grams (some scholars define it as 3.5 grams) is severe proteinuria.

What are the methods for detecting proteinuria? Urine protein electrophoresis analysis: Commonly used methods include cellulose acetate film electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, urine protein immunoelectrophoresis and other methods. This method mainly starts from determining the type of protein in urine. By distinguishing different types of urine proteins, it has diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance for certain difficult diseases such as multiple myeloma and heavy chain disease. At the same time, the molecular weight of urine protein can be distinguished, which is of great significance for distinguishing the source of proteinuria and checking whether there are special proteins in the urine.