What are the symptoms of bone dislocation?

Bone dislocation in the human body is a disease caused by external trauma to the joints of the body, which makes the bones in the joints not match each other, with large deviations or ligament tears. The most obvious symptom of bone dislocation is pain in the joints. It can also easily lead to deformities in the injured part, seriously affecting normal activities, and easily causing swelling.

Clinical manifestations of bone dislocation

Joint dislocation has symptoms of general injury and specific manifestations of dislocation. After an injury, the joint becomes dislocated, painful, difficult to move, or unable to move. Dislocations usually affect movable joints such as the ankle, knee, hip, wrist, and elbow, but most commonly the shoulder and finger joints. Immobile joints, such as those in the pelvis, can also be separated when the ligaments that hold the joint together are stretched or torn. Dislocation of a vertebra can be life-threatening if it damages the nerves or spinal cord. Significant vertebral dislocation damages the spinal cord and causes paralysis.

1. General symptoms

(1) Obvious pain.

(2) Obvious swelling of the joints.

(3) The joints lose their normal mobility and become functionally impaired.

2. Special performance

(1) After joint dislocation, the limb will show deformities such as rotation, adduction or abduction, and lengthening or shortening, which is asymmetric with the healthy side.

(2) Elastic fixation After a joint dislocation, the untorn muscles and ligaments can keep the dislocated limb in a special position, and there is a feeling of resistance and elasticity during passive movement.

(3) The joint socket is empty.

treat

1. Treatment principles

After the injury, manual reduction should be performed as soon as possible under anesthesia: appropriate fixation to facilitate soft tissue repair; timely movement to restore joint function.

2. Treatment

(1) Reduction is mainly done by manipulation.

(2) After fixation and reduction, the joint is fixed in a stable position for 2 to 3 weeks.

(3) During the period of functional exercise fixation, the muscles around the joints should be relaxed and contracted and other joints of the affected limb should be actively exercised to promote blood circulation, eliminate swelling, and avoid muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.

3. Treatment methods

Once a joint dislocation occurs, the patient's injured joint should be quietly fixed in the position that the patient feels most comfortable. Whenever possible, seek medical attention as soon as possible after proper fixation. Please note that when taking off the patient's clothes, the normal side should be taken off first, then the injured side, and vice versa when putting clothes on.

(1) Shoulder dislocation generally requires reduction under anesthesia or muscle relaxation. Common reduction techniques include: ① His method: The patient lies in a supine position, the operator stands on the injured side, places the heel of the operator's side close to the affected limb in the axilla of the affected limb, and uses the fulcrum between the chest wall and the humeral head to hold the forearm and wrist of the affected limb and pull it along its longitudinal axis. After reaching a certain traction force, gently shake or internally and externally rotate the upper limbs and gradually move them closer to the trunk to reposition them. ② Use the traction and lifting method in a sitting position. The assistant holds the wrist of the affected limb and pulls it downward along the position of the affected limb. Use a fixation belt or another assistant to hold the upper chest and fix it. After traction, the surgeon uses the middle fingers of both hands or the index fingers to lift the displaced humeral head upward and outward under the axilla to reposition it. After reduction, X-ray examination is performed to check that the shoulder is completely reduced, and then the shoulder position is fixed with tape or bandage for 3 weeks. In case of habitual dislocation, repair surgery can be performed.

(2) The patient lies flat in an elbow dislocation. The assistant holds the upper arm of the affected limb to provide countertraction, while the surgeon holds the forearm and pulls it distally along the axis of the upper limb. After reduction, the upper limb plaster splint was fixed in the functional position for 3 weeks.

(3) In case of radial head subluxation, the surgeon holds the elbow of the affected limb with one hand, with the thumb touching the radial head. With the other hand, the surgeon gently holds the wrist and applies gentle traction while pronating the forearm. When the elbow joint is flexed and the forearm is supinated, the surgeon can feel a crisp sound or bounce of the radial head and the radial head is restored. Bandage the forearm in a sling to protect the affected limb for 1 week.

(4) Hip dislocation ① If the patient is in shock, lie flat, keep the airway open, keep warm and rush to the hospital for emergency treatment. ② Send to hospital urgently for manual reduction under anesthesia. ③After reduction, skin traction or hip spica plaster fixation can be used for 6 to 8 weeks. ④After removing the external fixation, you should continue to exercise your hip muscles and gradually increase the range of motion of the hip joint.