What are the causes of mesenchymal tumors

Mesenchymal tumors are also called soft tissue tumors in medicine. This is a general term. It is also divided into many other tumors. This is because the mesenchymal tissue includes a lot, such as fat, muscle, synovium, blood vessels, etc. As long as there is a problem with any of the mesenchymal tissues, it is called a mesenchymal tumor. There are also several types such as bone and lymphatic hematopoietic system that exist in the mesenchymal tissue, but their characteristics are more obvious and are judged separately.

Mesenchymal tumor etiology

The causes of mediastinal lobar tumors are similar to those of soft tissue tumors throughout the body. Although scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of work in genetics, environmental science, immunovirology, etc., the exact cause is still unclear.

1. Trauma

The first thing that was noticed was the relationship between some tumors on the body surface and trauma. There are also a few reports that scar tissue from surgery, scalds or chemical burns and tissue near foreign bodies are prone to soft tissue tumors, with a latent period of 2 to 50 years.

2. Chemical substances

Animal experiments have shown that subcutaneous injection of polycyclic hydrocarbons can produce a variety of sarcomas, but this has not been confirmed in human studies. Dioxin in rust removers or defoliants can enter the human body and accumulate in fat and other tissues. It cannot be metabolized quickly and may induce soft tissue sarcoma.

3. Radiation

Sarcomas develop in the radiation field in radiotherapy patients, usually with a latent period of 2 to 25 years. The most common types are malignant fibrous histiocytoma and angiosarcoma.

4. Benign tumors become malignant

The vast majority of soft tissue sarcomas are primary, rather than the result of malignant transformation of benign tumors. A benign tumor with a history of many years can only be considered malignant when it turns into a rapidly growing tumor and definite benign lesions are found to remain under a light microscope.

5. Viral infection

Type C virus, leukemia virus, and Epstein-Barr virus have been isolated from experimental animals and human soft tissue sarcomas, and it has been noted that HIV-infected patients often develop Kaposi sarcoma.

6. Immune factors

The occurrence of lymphangiosarcoma is always related to chronic lymphedema after radical mastectomy, and long-term use of immunosuppressants can cause soft tissue sarcoma.

7. Genetic factors

Soft tissue tumors known to be related to genetics include leiomyoma, xanthomas, etc.

8. Gene mutation

p53 gene mutations are uncommon in sporadic soft tissue tumors. It is known that soft tissue tumors with abnormal expression of p53 mutant Rb gene are more aggressive than those without mutations.

pathology

The morphology of benign mediastinal soft tissue tumors is roughly similar to that of the tissue of origin, with only slight differences in quantity or structural arrangement. The morphology of malignant soft tissue tumors in the mediastinum is quite different from that of normal tissues of origin, and the degree of cell differentiation is different. In cases with a high degree of differentiation, certain morphological features similar to those of the tissue of origin can often be found in the tumor. The two are sometimes difficult to distinguish and require the use of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and other methods combined with clinical analysis to distinguish them.