What are the symptoms of corpus luteum cyst?

Corpus luteum cysts are actually common in many pregnant friends, so everyone must pay attention to it. If a corpus luteum cyst appears during pregnancy, there are no obvious symptoms, and sometimes it is easy to misdiagnose during examination. For patients who are not pregnant, corpus luteum cysts usually cause delayed menstruation and uterine bleeding.

Pathogenesis

1. Naked eye appearance

Corpus luteum cyst is an isolated cyst occurring in one ovary. It has a smooth surface and is amber in color. Its diameter is rarely larger than 4 cm and rarely exceeds 8 cm, but it has been reported in the literature to be as large as 11 cm. It is unilocular, thin-walled, and translucent. The cross-section shows that the central cavity contains light yellow or reddish liquid or blood clots. The cyst wall is partially or completely yellow and sometimes curled into a wreath shape.

2. Organizational form

A thin layer of organized fibrous tissue is attached to the surface of the cyst cavity. The inner layer of the cyst wall is composed of several layers of luteinized granular cells with eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Theca cells are inserted into them in a wedge shape. There are abundant capillaries between the cells. Eventually, the corpus luteum cyst degenerates, leaving only 1 to 2 layers of cells.

Clinical manifestations

Occasionally, the pedicle of a lutein cyst may twist or rupture, which can cause pelvic bleeding, but the amount of bleeding is generally not much. Corpus white cysts have no hormonal function, generally do not cause symptoms, and can disappear on their own. Luteinized theca cysts that complicate hydatidiform mole are often capable of spontaneous regression. After a normal pregnancy or delivery, invasive hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma will disappear naturally after being cured. Lutein cysts tend to regress spontaneously and are usually asymptomatic. There are also very few cases in clinical practice where the disease disappears on its own.

Early pregnancy is often accompanied by corpus luteum cysts, which usually have no symptoms and are often discovered during routine gynecological examinations. Do not misdiagnose it as an ovarian cystadenoma and have it removed. In the non-pregnant period, the endocrine activity of the corpus luteum cyst may cause a delay in the menstrual cycle, followed by continuous or irregular uterine bleeding. When the uterus is dilated before bleeding, the endometrium sometimes shows decidual changes. Sometimes there is a slight dull pain in the lower abdomen on the affected side.

Once a cyst ruptures, it can cause internal bleeding or acute abdomen. The lesions are mostly bilateral, and the surface of the ovaries appear as cystic nodules of varying sizes. In small cases, the ovary is only slightly enlarged, while in giant cases, the diameter can reach 15-20 cm, with thin walls and yellow or hemorrhagic cross-section. The cyst is filled with straw-yellow clear fluid or light brown fluid, and focal yellow patches of decidualized germinal epithelium are occasionally seen on the surface of the ovary.