What is rotavirus enteritis?

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a relatively common type. Infants and young children are an important group of people suffering from acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection. Breakouts often occur in spring and autumn. During the illness, the patient's body fluids and feces can become sources of infection. After infants and young children become ill, they generally recover well through good treatment and generally do not leave any sequelae.

Causes

1. Infectious patients and asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of infection. There are a large number of viral particles in the patient's feces during the acute phase, and detoxification can continue for 4 to 8 days after the onset of the disease, and in rare cases, up to 18 to 42 days.

(ii) The main route of transmission is human-to-human transmission, through feces? Mouth or mouth? It can be transmitted through oral transmission, or through water contamination or the respiratory tract. Rotavirus gastroenteritis (epidemic diarrhea) in adults often occurs in watery outbreaks and can also be transmitted through daily contact.

(III) Susceptible populations Common rotavirus mainly affects infants and young children, with the highest incidence rate among those aged 9 to 12 months. Adult diarrheal rotavirus is a common disease in the general population, but it mainly causes epidemics among young and middle-aged people.

symptom

(1) The incubation period of common rotavirus gastroenteritis is 1 to 3 days. The severity of the disease varies greatly, with children aged 6 to 24 months having severe symptoms, while older children or adults mostly have mild or subclinical infections. The onset is acute, with vomiting first and diarrhea later, accompanied by mild to moderate fever. Diarrhea occurs ten to dozens of times a day, and the stools are mostly watery or yellow-green loose stools, often accompanied by mild or moderate dehydration and metabolic poisoning. Some cases often have upper respiratory tract infection symptoms before gastrointestinal symptoms appear. This disease is a self-limiting disease with a course of about 1 week.

(ii) The incubation period of rotavirus gastroenteritis in adults with diarrhea is 2 to 3 days. The onset is acute, and there is usually no fever or only low fever. The main symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. Diarrhea occurs 3 to 10 times a day, with yellow watery or rice-soup stools, without pus or blood. Some cases are accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. The course of the disease is 3 to 6 days, occasionally lasting more than 10 days.

examine

1. The total number and classification of peripheral blood leukocytes in blood routine tests were mostly normal, with a few being slightly higher, and the number of classified lymphocytes increased;

2. Stool routine examination and stool culture microscopy showed no special findings in most cases, with a few white blood cells visible and no pathogenic bacteria growing in the culture.

3. Specific diagnostic tests: (1) Direct or immunoelectron microscopic examination of feces can reveal rotavirus particles; (2) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunostaining plaque test is used to detect viral antigens in fecal supernatant, which has high sensitivity and specificity; (3) Viral RNA is extracted from feces and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining to check for the presence of rotavirus RNA electrophoresis pattern, which has both diagnostic value and can distinguish different types of viral infections; (4) Serological testing: 5 days after infection, specific IgM antibodies can be detected in the blood, which is also helpful in diagnosing the disease.