What are the steps for testing hpv

The scientific name of HPV is human papillomavirus. If the patient's condition is serious, it can turn into cervical cancer. Scientists have confirmed that this virus is a genetic virus and a disease that only humans can get. After humans are infected with the virus, there will be a long incubation period, and once the virus has the right time, it will cause disease. HPV testing has greatly improved the detection rate, and the detection methods are based on cytological examination. This article will briefly introduce these methods.

1. The main detection methods of existing HPV laboratories:

① Polymerase chain reaction (PCR,

Polymerase Chain Reaction: A method for amplifying a DNA fragment located between two known sequences. This method has high sensitivity and can be used for HPV typing. However, its disadvantage is that it has high requirements for the laboratory environment and is prone to cross-contamination between samples, resulting in a high false positive rate.

② Nucleic acid hybridization detection

It has good specificity and sensitivity, and can also be used for HPV DNA typing. Various nucleic acid hybridization detection methods have certain advantages and disadvantages.

A. Nucleic acid in situ hybridization

It is suitable for HPV typing and HPV DNA molecular weight identification. Although it has high sensitivity, it is not convenient for large-scale clinical use due to its complicated operation and the need for fresh tissue specimens.

B dot blot

Its sensitivity and specificity are lower than those of nucleic acid blotting in situ hybridization. Although it is economical and practical, there is radioactive pollution in the experimental process, which is an issue that cannot be ignored for environmental protection.

C in situ hybridization (in situ hybridization, a nucleic acid hybridization technology that can be used to determine the location of genes or specific nucleotide sequences in nucleic acid molecules and detect recombinant DNA) uses non-radioactive probes to detect paraffin tissues. It can perform positioning detection with a low false positive rate, but the sensitivity is not high, which greatly reduces its clinical value.

Hybrid Capture

The hybridization capture assay uses chemiluminescence to amplify the signal captured by the antibody. First, the double-stranded DNA is released and decomposed into single-stranded nucleotides that can hybridize. The single-stranded DNA combines with the RNA combination probe to form an RNA-DNA hybrid. The RNA-DNA hybrid is captured by a specific antibody. The second antibody coupled with an alkaline phosphatase combines with the RNA-DNA hybrid. The alkaline phosphatase causes the enzyme substrate to emit light. The content of the alkaline phosphatase can be determined based on the intensity of the light, thereby determining the content of the RNA-DNA hybrid. It can detect 13 high-risk HPV types, including HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68.

2. The latest HPV laboratory testing technology

High-sensitivity high-risk HPV typing multi-color fluorescence real-time PCR reagent: a high-risk HPV typing multi-color fluorescence real-time PCR detection reagent newly designed for cervical cancer screening by a famous European molecular biology research institution. It can simultaneously detect the most important high-risk types 16, 18, 31/33, 35/45.