You don't know the correct enema method

Enema is the process of injecting liquid into the body through the anus and anal canal. It is generally used to treat constipation or as a preoperative cleansing method. It can also treat some enteritis or special diseases. Add medicine and warm water to the enema tool, put your buttocks down on the bedpan and gently insert the enema tool into the anus.

Method 1: Large-volume non-retention enema

Applicable people: Large-volume non-retention enemas can be used for stubborn constipation in cancer patients. Enemas can soften stool, clean the intestines, and dilute and remove intestinal toxins.

For those with uncontrollable cancer fever, enema can lower body temperature and prepare for certain special examinations and surgeries. Note: Enema is not suitable for patients who are pregnant, have acute abdomen, or have gastrointestinal bleeding.

Specific steps:

1. Prepare the enema solution according to the doctor's instructions and adjust the water temperature. After preparing the equipment, bring it to the bedside, explain it to the patient, obtain cooperation, and instruct him to urinate. Large wards should be shielded from the patients by screens.

2. Assist the patient to lie on his left side with his knees bent, exposing his buttocks, and place the rubber cloth and treatment towel under his buttocks. If the anal sphincter loses control, the patient can lie on his back with a bedpan placed under his buttocks.

3. Lubricate the front end of the anal canal, release a small amount of liquid to expel the gas in the tube, test the temperature with your wrist to see if it is appropriate, and then clamp the anal canal.

4. The operator uses his left hand to separate the patient's buttocks to expose the anus, asks the patient to breathe through his mouth, and uses his right hand to gently rotate the anal tube and insert it into the anus about 7-10 cm. If you feel resistance when inserting, you can withdraw the anal tube slightly and then move forward again. After insertion, hold the anal tube with one hand and use the other hand to raise the enema tube or hang it on an infusion stand. The liquid level should be 40-60cm away from the edge of the bed. Loosen the hemostatic forceps to allow the liquid to slowly flow into the intestine.

5. Observe the filling of liquid into the tube. If the filling is blocked, shake the anal canal slightly and check whether there is any fecal blockage. If the patient feels abdominal distension or has the urge to defecate, the enema tube should be lowered appropriately and the patient should open his mouth and take a deep breath to relieve abdominal pressure.

6. When the liquid is about to run out, clamp the rubber tube, wrap the anal canal with toilet paper, gently pull it out and put it into the curved tray. Let the patient lie flat and ask him to retain the stool for 5-10 minutes before defecation. Those who cannot get out of bed should be provided with a bedpan and toilet paper.

7. After defecation, take away the bedpan, make the bed, open the window for ventilation, and help the patient wash his hands. Observe the stool and take samples for testing if necessary. Record the results in the stool column of the temperature sheet for that day.

8. Wash the enema materials and disinfect them for later use.

Method 2: Cleansing enema

Applicable people: The purpose of cleansing enema is to stimulate intestinal peristalsis, soften and remove feces, eliminate intestinal gas, relieve abdominal distension, clean the intestines, and prepare for surgery, examination, and delivery.

Specific method:

1. The method is the same as that of large-volume non-retention enema.

2. First, pour in 500 ml of 0.1% soapy water to stimulate intestinal peristalsis. After the solution is discharged, irrigate with isotonic saline. Repeat several times until clean liquid without fecal residue is discharged.

Notice:

1. When giving enema to elderly or weak patients, their condition should be closely observed and assistance should be provided. The enema pressure should be low.

2. Each time you perform a large amount of cleansing enema, pay attention to observe and record the amount of infusion and discharge, which should be basically consistent to prevent water poisoning.

3. For cleansing enema, the patient should lie on the right side to facilitate the enema liquid to reach the deep part of the colon. After each instillation, ask the patient to retain the tablets as much as possible to soften the stool and flush the intestines.

Method 3: Retention Enema

Specific steps:

1. Instruct the patient to defecate or give a defecation enema once.

2. Determine the lying position according to the condition of the disease. For chronic bacillary dysentery, it is better to lie on the left side, while for amoebic dysentery, it is better to lie on the right side. The patient's buttocks should be raised 10 cm, and the liquid level should not be more than 30 cm away from the anus. The liquid volume within 200 ml can be slowly injected using a funnel or syringe.

3. For those with a liquid volume of more than 200 ml, slowly drip it with an open infusion bottle (i.e. rectal infusion method). When using the drip method, the buttocks must be raised about 20 cm, and the catheter is used instead of the anal canal, with an insertion length of about 1.0-1.

The depth is about 5cm, and the dripping speed is generally 60-70 drops/min. Pay attention to keeping warm when dripping.

4. After extubation, ask the patient to lie flat, be as patient as possible, do not remove the tube, and keep it for more than 1 hour.

Notice:

1. It is advisable for patients with intestinal diseases to infuse before going to bed at night.

2. Patients who have just undergone anal, rectal, or colon surgery or patients with fecal incontinence should not undergo retention enema.