Symptoms of thrombocytopenic allergic purpura

The common clinical manifestation of thrombocytopenic allergic purpura is sudden onset, which may be accompanied by fever, chills or skin bruises appearing in various parts of the body, and some may also cause bleeding in the nasal cavity, gums, or oral mucosa.

1. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Clinically, it is divided into acute and chronic types.

(1) Acute type: common in children. The onset is acute, and in a few cases it presents as an explosive onset. There may be mild fever, chills, sudden onset of widespread skin and mucous membrane purpura, and even large ecchymosis. Skin petechiae are mostly systemic, more common on the lower limbs, and evenly distributed. Mucosal bleeding is common in the nasal cavity and gums, and blood blisters may occur in the mouth.

(2) Chronic type: Common in young women, with insidious onset and mild symptoms. Bleeding often occurs repeatedly, and each episode may last from days to months. Skin purpura, ecchymosis, and petechiae are often seen in the distal parts of the lower limbs or below the tourniquet. There may be bleeding from the nose, gums, and oral mucosa, and menorrhagia is sometimes the only symptom in women.

2. Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura

The patient has symptoms of the primary disease or has a history of contact with certain pathogenic factors before the onset of the disease. Mild and moderate thrombocytopenia may have no bleeding symptoms, while severe thrombocytopenia often has skin and mucous membrane petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, nosebleeds, oral blood blisters, etc. In severe cases, intracranial hemorrhage may occur, which is the main cause of death.

3. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

(1) Platelet consumption decreases, causing extensive bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs, and in severe cases, intracranial hemorrhage.

(2) Red blood cell damage: Microangiopathic hemolysis caused by mechanical damage and fragmentation of red blood cells, resulting in varying degrees of anemia, jaundice, or splenomegaly.

(3) Neuropsychiatric symptoms: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are characterized by unpredictable changes. Patients have varying degrees of impaired consciousness and confusion, dizziness, headache, convulsions, slurred speech, perceptual disorders, mental disorders, drowsiness and even coma. Some patients may experience cranial nerve palsy, mild paresis or hemiplegia, but they usually recover within a few hours.

(4) Extensive involvement of renal vessels: When the renal vessels are extensively involved, the symptoms include proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and tubular urine. In severe cases, azotemia and acute renal failure may occur.

(5) Fever? It can occur at different times.

(6) If the myocardium, lungs, or microvasculature of abdominal organs are affected, corresponding symptoms may occur.