Treatment and nursing methods for sequelae of cerebral infarction

Cerebral infarction can easily cause sequelae, and special attention should be paid to the treatment and care of such sequelae. Patients should pay attention to choosing liquid and easily digestible foods, while maintaining smooth breathing and preventing colds.

(1) Dietary care. Patients should be given high-calorie, easily digestible liquid food; those who cannot swallow should be given nasogastric feeding. Nasogastric feeding food can be milk, rice soup, vegetable soup, meat soup and fruit juice, etc. In addition, milk, eggs, starch, vegetable juice, etc. can be mixed together to make a porridge-like mixed milk and fed to the patient through nasogastric feeding. The nasogastric feeding volume is 200-350 ml each time, 4-5 times a day. During nasogastric feeding, the patient's meals should be cleaned and disinfected.

(2) Keep the respiratory tract open to prevent colds. Patients in long-term coma have low body resistance, so it is important to keep them warm to prevent them from catching a chill. No matter what lying position the patient takes, his face should be turned to one side to facilitate the drainage of respiratory secretions; when the patient has sputum or secretions and vomit in the mouth, it should be sucked out or picked out in time; every time the patient's position is turned over, gently tap the patient's back to prevent the occurrence of aspiration or aspiration pneumonia.

(3) Prevent bedsores. The most fundamental way to prevent bedsores for comatose patients is to turn them over regularly, generally once every 2 to 3 hours. In addition, wet sheets, quilts and clothes should be replaced promptly. Now let me introduce: the method of turning the patient over (taking placing the patient in the left side lying position as an example): the first step is for the family member to stand on the right side of the patient, first make the patient lie flat, and then flex the patient's lower limbs; the second step is for the family member to put the left arm under the patient's waist, the right arm under the patient's thigh, then lift the patient and move him to the right side (family member's side), then put the left hand under the patient's shoulder, the right hand under the waist, lift and move to the right side; the third step is to turn the patient's head, neck, and torso to the left at the same time, that is, the left side lying position; finally, put a pillow on the patient's back and head to support his turning position and make the patient comfortable.