What are the consequences of massive gastrointestinal bleeding

Massive gastrointestinal bleeding must be treated promptly, because the harm is relatively large. It can easily cause hemorrhagic shock, or cause suffocation of the patient and secondary peritonitis. Therefore, it is also a great threat to the patient's life.

1. Hemorrhagic shock

Shock caused by acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is very common in clinical practice. It is a serious disease with a high mortality rate. When the amount of upper gastrointestinal bleeding exceeds 1000 ml at a time or exceeds 20% of the circulating blood volume, signs of circulatory failure will appear, and anti-shock treatment should be prepared at any time. The treatment of hemorrhagic shock varies depending on the cause. For those who have lost a lot of blood, rapid intravenous infusion should be given with a thick needle. The specific amount of fluid replacement depends on the amount of blood loss. Sufficient whole blood should be transfused in time to restore blood volume and effective blood circulation. Care should be taken to avoid pulmonary edema caused by excessive infusion or blood transfusion.

2. Suffocation

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding often occurs suddenly with almost no obvious signs. When the amount of bleeding is large, the blood spurts out and lasts for a long time, leading to suffocation. This is the most dangerous complication of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient will die without even a chance of rescue. Experts from the Department of Gastroenterology at Beijing Tianan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine kindly remind you that when treating upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it is important to ensure the patency of the respiratory tract and provide oxygen to prevent suffocation.

3. Secondary peritonitis

The incidence of secondary peritonitis, a complication of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, is not very high and is somewhat related to the primary disease. The primary disease is cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, etc., and upper gastrointestinal bleeding often occurs with secondary peritonitis. The treatment of secondary peritonitis is first of all to treat the primary disease, while antibiotics and supportive therapy are used to correct water and electrolyte disorders and maintain acid-base balance.

IV. First aid measures for gastrointestinal bleeding

1. If there is massive bleeding and the patient is not sent to the hospital in time, the patient should be comforted and asked to lie still immediately to eliminate his tension. The patient should be kept warm and asked to lie on his side with his head low and feet high to prevent suffocation caused by severe vomiting. This position can also ensure blood supply to the brain when the patient suffers severe blood loss, preventing collapse or fainting.

2. The patient's vomit or feces should be temporarily retained, the total amount should be roughly estimated, and some samples should be taken for testing when seeking medical treatment.

3. Move the patient less often and let the patient walk more easily. At the same time, closely observe the patient's consciousness, breathing, and pulse, and quickly notify the emergency center.

4. The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal bleeding are vomiting blood and blood in the stool. The vomited blood may be bright red or coffee-colored; the blood in the stool may be bright red or dark red, or tarry black.

5. When vomiting blood, it is best to let the patient rinse his mouth and apply a cold water bag to the heart. You cannot drink water at this time, but you can chew on melted ice cubes.