What is the cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

There are many causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the most common of which are peptic ulcer, acute gastric mucosal damage, and gastric cancer. These diseases can cause symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, so after understanding these causes, symptomatic treatment is necessary.

1. Upper gastrointestinal diseases

(1) Esophageal diseases: esophagitis, esophageal cancer, esophageal peptic ulcer, esophageal injury, etc.

(2) Gastroduodenal diseases: peptic ulcer, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastric mucosal prolapse, gastric cancer, acute gastric dilatation, duodenitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, postoperative lesions of gastric surgery, etc.

(3) Jejunal diseases: Crohn's disease of the jejunum, jejunal ulcer after gastrointestinal anastomosis.

2. Portal hypertension

(1) Various decompensated stages of liver cirrhosis.

(2) Portal vein obstruction: portal vein inflammation, portal vein thrombosis, or compression of the portal vein by an adjacent mass.

(3) Hepatic veno-occlusive syndrome.

3. Diseases of organs or tissues adjacent to the upper gastrointestinal tract

(1) Bleeding in the bile duct: Bile duct or gallbladder stones, gallbladder or bile duct cancer, compression necrosis of the bile duct caused by postoperative common bile duct drainage tube, liver cancer or hepatic artery aneurysm ruptured into the bile duct.

(2) Pancreatic diseases: pancreatic cancer involving the duodenum, acute pancreatitis with abscess rupture.

(3) Aneurysm ruptures into the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, aortic aneurysm, hepatic or splenic artery aneurysm ruptures.

(4) Mediastinal tumor or abscess ruptures into the esophagus.

4. Systemic diseases

(1) Blood diseases: leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and other coagulation disorders.

(2) Uremia.

(3) Vascular diseases: atherosclerosis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, etc.

(4) Polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus or other vasculitis.

(5) Stress ulcer sepsis: Stress state caused by trauma, burns or major surgery, shock, treatment with adrenal glucocorticoids, cerebrovascular accident or other cranial lesions, emphysema and cor pulmonale, etc.