What are the symptoms of congenital capillary malformations

A child’s birth is the common hope of every family, and a child’s health is the common wish of every parent. The arrival of a child fills a family with laughter and joy, and the healthy growth of a child makes every parent in the family smile. However, if the child has some kind of problem or deformity, the parents will be as anxious as ants on a hot pan. So what are the symptoms of congenital malformations of capillaries?

That is, the capillary walls are congenitally weak and cannot contract. This disease usually occurs on the face, neck, back of the head, and scalp at birth or shortly after birth. It can be unilateral and scattered, or bilateral and multiple. Initially, there is a light red, dark red, or purple-red lesion of varying sizes on the skin or mucous membrane, ranging from the size of a needle tip to a limb or half of the trunk. After crying, the color deepens, the boundaries are clear, the shapes vary, and it does not protrude above the skin, but is higher in some areas. After pressure, it fades partially or completely and the surface becomes smooth. As age increases, children or young adults may develop symptoms or nodular lesions, mostly occurring in the lower legs and feet, which may manifest as painful purple-blue nodules and plaques, which may also ulcerate.

The symptoms of congenital capillary malformations are characterized by the fact that they occur due to the weakness of the congenital capillary walls, which leads to their inability to contract.

Congenital capillary malformations often occur on the patient's face, neck, back of the head, and scalp at birth or shortly after birth. The symptoms can occur unilaterally and in a scattered manner, or sometimes bilaterally and multiplely.

The initial characteristic manifestation of congenital capillary malformation is that there is a skin lesion of varying sizes, light red, dark red, or purple-red, ranging from the size of a needle tip to a limb or half of the trunk on the skin or mucous membrane of the affected area. When the emotions are more intense, the color will deepen, the boundaries will be relatively clear, and the shapes will vary. Generally, it will not be higher than the skin surface, but will be higher locally. After compression, part or all of it will fade, and the surface will be relatively smooth.

A type of hemangioma, which is relatively common and belongs to vascular malformation. It can be divided into neonatal nevus, port-wine stain, spider nevus, strawberry capillary hemangioma, familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and granuloma hemangioma. The clinical manifestations are as follows:

1. Neonatal nevus: also known as orange spot, commonly found on the forehead, upper eyelid, between the eyebrows, around the nose or around the neck and jaw. It is orange-red or light red, does not protrude from the skin, and fades with light pressure. It increases slightly as the child grows, but the color does not deepen. Most of them disappear on their own after a few months and no treatment is required.

2. Port-wine stains: Mostly seen on the face, with a small number on the trunk or limbs. They are light red to dark red, or dark purple, and do not protrude above the skin surface. The lesion area expands as the child grows and will not disappear on its own. Some patients have concurrent systemic abnormalities such as glaucoma.

3. As small as a pinhole, they are often seen on the face, arms, hands, and trunk.

4. Strawberry capillary hemangioma: A small number of children are born with round or oval masses of varying sizes, which are composed of scattered red spots that are fused or incompletely fused, and are not higher than or slightly higher than the skin surface. The surface is slightly rough, and most of them are just tiny red dots, which expand and merge into blocks, often 3-4 mm above the skin, bright red, and with many granular surfaces, similar to strawberries, hence the name. It can resolve on its own, usually between 1 and 4 years of age.

5. Familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia lesions are more common in the nasal mucosa, followed by the face, tongue, lips, fingers, etc. The dilated capillaries are mainly located under the dermis and mucosa, with thin walls and only one layer of endothelium adjacent to the epidermis. The lesions are generally 1-3MM in diameter, irregular, flat or raised, red or purple, and turn white when pressure is applied. This disease has a significant bleeding tendency, and corresponding bleeding symptoms appear depending on the site of invasion, such as epistaxis, hemoptysis, urinary tract bleeding and gastrointestinal bleeding.

After reading the above introduction to the symptoms of congenital capillary malformations, I think everyone should have some understanding. This disease has a serious impact on children's health and will also become a concern for the patients' parents. This disease not only affects your image but also poses a hidden danger to your physical health, so it should be treated as early as possible and not allowed to develop.