Characteristics of esophageal varicose bleeding

With the rapid development of social productivity, people's living standards are also gradually improving, so modern diseases are coming more and more. Among them are esophageal varicose bleeding, cerebral thrombosis, diseases of affluence, etc. These are diseases we have never seen or even heard of before, and we should know something about them.

If there is obvious gastrointestinal bleeding (hematemesis and black stools), the main sources of bleeding are varicose vein rupture and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Varicose veins are mainly esophageal varices, but can also occur in other parts of the stomach or any part of the intestine. Rapid blood loss of large amounts can immediately cause hemodynamic changes, including a rapid decrease in blood volume, a decrease in blood return, a decrease in cardiac output, a drop in blood pressure, a decrease in pulse pressure, an increase in heart rate, insufficient perfusion and hypoxia of organs and tissues in the body, leading to functional and morphological damage, making the condition more complicated.

After blood loss, through autoregulation, sympathetic nerve excitement appears first, causing the capacitance vessels to contract, and the blood circulation does not immediately undergo obvious hemodynamic changes; if bleeding continues and the resistance vessels contract, the peripheral skin temperature will drop. However, the contraction effect of sympathetic nerve excitement on the blood vessels of internal organs (heart, brain, etc.) is not obvious, which allows the circulating blood volume to supply more vital organs.

When this compensatory effect cannot make the vascular bed adapt to the reduced blood volume, ventricular filling pressure decreases, cardiac output decreases, central venous pressure drops, heart rate accelerates, and blood perfusion to various organs and tissues is insufficient. Metabolic disorders follow, acidic metabolites accumulate, and resistance vessels cannot maintain their high tension and no longer respond to adrenergic stimulation, which increases capillary permeability and causes fluid leakage, further causing hemodynamic changes and leading to serious tissue damage. As a result, there may be arrhythmia, heart failure and further deterioration of liver function, and even jaundice, edema, increased ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. The patient may be irritable, apathetic or lose consciousness, which may be caused by reduced cerebral blood flow due to massive blood loss. These phenomena become evident when cerebral blood flow is reduced to 50%, and hepatic encephalopathy may also occur subsequently.

We should always guard against the harm of this disease to our own health and the health of our family. When we understand it and have a sense of prevention, it will be difficult for this disease to invade our lives. In fact, modern diseases have been rampant for a long time, and we should always be vigilant against their occurrence.