What to do if there is blood in the nose

The nasal cavity is the main part of our breathing, and it is also a relatively vulnerable place. When the human body is hot and easily gets irritated, it is easy to cause nosebleeds. Nosebleeds are relatively common, so occasional nosebleeds mean that your constitution is hot. It is recommended that you eat a light diet in the near future, but if you often have nosebleeds, you need to pay attention to do a relevant examination.

Nosebleed is one of the common emergencies in rhinology. It is not an independent disease but may be a concomitant symptom of many systemic or local diseases. Idiopathic nosebleeds are more common in children and young people, mainly bleeding in the front of the nasal septum; elderly patients over 50 years old often have bleeding in the back of the nasal cavity, which is often caused by cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, etc., and are often difficult to control.

Clinical manifestations:

1. Small amounts of nosebleeds may not cause systemic symptoms.

2. Heavy or repeated bleeding may cause symptoms of shock or anemia.

3. Nosebleeds can be unilateral or bilateral, and the blood can flow out of the anterior nostril or flow into the pharynx and be spit out from the mouth.

4. Idiopathic epistaxis is most common in the anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum, and a few may come from the posterior part of the nasal cavity. Examination of the former may reveal local vasodilation, mucosal ulcers or bleeding spots, while examination of the latter may show no local findings.

5. Patients with secondary bleeding due to systemic diseases still have symptoms and signs of the primary disease.

Diagnosis

1. Ask about the medical history in detail to understand whether the cause of bleeding is local or systemic, and conduct further examinations and tests accordingly.

2. For those with local bleeding causes, bleeding spots and local changes can often be seen.

3. Patients with secondary bleeding due to systemic diseases have symptoms and signs of related diseases in addition to bleeding.

Treatment principles

1. Emergency treatment is to stop the bleeding first and then find out the cause of bleeding.

2. For small amounts of bleeding, local compression, vasoconstrictors, chemical cautery, or electrocautery should be used; for large amounts of bleeding and active bleeding, nasal or posterior nasal packing should be performed.

3. Systemic application of sedatives, hemostatics, blood transfusion and etiological treatment.

Medication principles

1. For small amounts of bleeding, the main treatment is local application of vasoconstrictors or cautery.

2. When the amount of active bleeding is large, effective local packing is required, supplemented by systemic application of hemostatics and vitamins.

3. Antibiotics are required after nasal packing to prevent infection.

4. Give fluid replacement, blood transfusion and anti-shock treatment if necessary depending on the bleeding situation.

There are many possible situations in which there is blood in the nose, such as severe inflammation recently, or excessive force when picking the nose, causing the nasal mucosa to rupture and bleed. It is recommended that you eat a light diet, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and do not pick your nose with your hands. A moderate amount of nasal dirt can protect the nasal cavity.