Surprise! 5 genetic diseases that favor sons over daughters

With the development of the times, genetic diseases have become increasingly important in the spectrum of diseases. Infectious diseases that children used to suffer from more frequently, such as smallpox, polio, and measles, have gradually disappeared or their incidence has been greatly reduced due to the popularization of vaccinations. Common childhood diseases in the past, such as malnutrition, have also become less and less common. On the contrary, problems related to genetic diseases have become increasingly prominent. However, some genetic diseases are passed on to males but not females. Let’s take a look at what genetic diseases they are!

Genetic disease 1: Favism

An acute hemolytic anemia caused by eating broad beans. Because the patient's body lacks glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), the stability of the red blood cell membrane is poor.

Crime: It is common in children, especially boys under 5 years old, accounting for about 90%. It often occurs in the season when broad beans mature. Eating broad beans or broad bean products (such as vermicelli, soy sauce) can cause illness.

Criminal evidence: The G-6-PD gene is on the X chromosome, the male-to-female ratio is about 7:1, and most patients are male.

Preventive measures: Currently, the prevention and control of favism has achieved remarkable results, and the mortality rate has generally dropped to below 1%.

Danger Index: Three Stars

Genetic disease 2: red and green color blindness

Red-green color blindness is the inability to distinguish between the colors red and green. It is a congenital color vision disorder. It is an X-linked recessive inheritance, which manifests as the patient's inability to distinguish between red and green. The red-green color blindness gene that determines this disease is recessive and is located on the X chromosome.

Crime: It has little impact on physical health, but because red-green color blindness cannot distinguish between red and green, it will have a certain impact on the child's future study and work.

Criminal evidence: More than 4,000 genetic diseases have been discovered so far, of which more than 400 are caused by multiple lesions in the body accompanied by eye lesions, and more than 200 are caused by simple eye lesions. The highest prevalence rate is red-green color blindness, which is 5.1% for males and about 0.8% for females.

Preventive measures: Since it is a recessive genetic disease, pre-pregnancy examination plays a certain role, but it is still difficult to avoid.

Danger index: one star

Genetic disease 3: Congenital agammaglobulinemia

The disease is a hereditary disease with repeated and severe infections. As long as the male's X chromosome carries a recessive disease-causing gene, the disease will occur, which is manifested as a higher incidence rate in men than in women. In X-linked recessive genetic diseases, the disease-causing gene in male patients comes from the mother and can only be passed on to daughters in the future. All sons of female patients are patients, showing cross-inheritance.

Charges: Characterized by severe and multiple pneumonia, sepsis, and purulent sinusitis. About 50% of cases have concurrent chronic lung infections, and often obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, and children rarely survive infancy.

Criminal evidence: As long as a man's X chromosome carries a recessive disease-causing gene, he will become ill, with a higher incidence rate in men than in women.

Preventive measures: There is currently a formal IVIG treatment method, but without strict and formal replacement treatment, most patients die within 2 years of age.

Danger index: 2 stars

Genetic disease 4: Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a group of inherited bleeding disorders. It is a serious coagulation disorder caused by the lack of certain coagulation factors in the blood. Hemophilia is a typical sex-linked recessive inheritance, passed from females to males. The gene that controls the synthesis of factor VIII coagulation components is located on the X chromosome.

Crime: When the baby suffers trauma and bleeding due to various reasons, the blood cannot coagulate and eventually dies from excessive bleeding.

Evidence of crime: When a sick male marries a normal female, all the male children are normal and the female is a transmitter; when a normal male marries a transmitter female, half of the male children are sick and half of the female children are transmitters; when a sick male marries a transmitter female, half of the male children have hemophilia and half of the female children have hemophilia and half are transmitters. About 30% have no family history, and the onset of the disease may be caused by gene mutation.

Preventive measures: Antihemophilic globulin is now available in large quantities, greatly reducing the mortality rate.

Danger index: five stars

Genetic disease 5: Hypertrophic muscular dystrophy

It is a recessive genetic disease. Females are only carriers of the opposite sex chromosome and do not develop the disease.

Crime: Muscle atrophy, calves becoming thick and weak, walking posture like a duck, and gradual paralysis after a few years. About 90% of the children have pseudohypertrophy of muscles, most of them also have myocardial damage, and about 30% of the children have varying degrees of intellectual disabilities. The disease often progresses and most patients die at around 20 years old.

Criminal evidence: It is the most common type of myopathy in children, usually occurring around the age of 4 and usually not exceeding 7 years old. It almost exclusively affects boys, accounting for 1/3 000-1/4 000 and 1/22 000 male live births.

Prevention measures: There is currently no effective treatment.

Danger index: five stars