Introduction to thirteen kinds of home first aid methods

If a family member suddenly suffers from a disease such as cramps, fainting, suffocation, etc., or an accidental injury such as scalds, burns, sprains, etc., these are common injuries in daily life. If first aid is not timely or improper, it will cause adverse consequences and even life-threatening situations. Here are thirteen common home first aid methods. To prevent trouble before it happens.

1. First aid for abdominal pain

Let the person with abdominal pain lie down in bed and not eat anything before the doctor arrives. Do not take painkillers or laxatives, which will mask the symptoms and make it difficult for the doctor to diagnose.

2. First aid for cuts

Generally, cuts can be cured by using hemostatic drugs and bandaging them. In case of severe cuts, such as on the arm, immediately remove watches, bracelets and other accessories, then raise the arm above the heart and apply direct pressure to the wound; if it is on the leg, in addition to pressing the wound, also press the artery in the upper thigh. Notify a doctor or rush to the nearest hospital. Be careful when using a tourniquet, as it will cut off all blood supply to the injured area, which may cause permanent damage.

3. First aid for burns

For mild burns, you can apply gentian violet and there is no need to bandage. When blisters appear on the skin, do not break the blisters. Instead, gently bandage them with gauze coated with vaseline to reduce pain. The patient should be kept quiet, keep warm, drink plenty of water, and take some painkillers. The burn area was large and the symptoms were serious, so the patient was sent to the hospital for treatment.

4. First aid for burns

For mild burns, pour some ice water on the injured area and then apply moist gauze; deep burns are very dangerous and should be covered with clean dressings before being rushed to the hospital. Note: Be sure to avoid flushing with water or wiping with a cloth, as this will cause serious infection in the burn area and have serious consequences.

5. First aid for sprains

For acute lumbar sprain, use a thicker mattress and let the patient lie on his back with a pillow under his waist. Initially apply cold compress to the injured area for 2 to 3 days and then apply hot compress. For shoulder sprain, rest in bed, elevate the shoulder joint, stretch the arm slightly outward, apply cold compress with a wet towel to the painful area, switch to hot compress after 1 to 2 days, wrap the ankle with a cloth strip, and elevate the foot when resting. If you sprain your wrist, raise your hand, support it with a wooden stick, and apply cold compress.

6. First aid for fractures

Fractures generally cause symptoms such as pain, deformity of the injured limb, difficulty in movement, hematoma, etc. In severe cases, shock may occur. There are two types of fractures: a closed fracture is when the skin is not broken, there is no wound, and the broken bone is not connected to the outside world; an open fracture is when the tip of the bone penetrates the skin, leaves a wound, and is connected to the outside world. If there is a fracture or wound, stop the bleeding immediately. Give painkillers if the pain is severe. The injured part should be bandaged and fixed and not moved casually. For open fractures, first bandage the affected area with sterilized gauze or cotton and then fix it with a splint (if there is no splint, you can use a wooden stick, branch, or bamboo pole instead). When bandaging, pad the splint with soft material to prevent skin damage. Fix the upper and lower joints of the injured limb, tie the upper end of the fracture first, be gentle, don't tie the injured part too tightly, and send to the hospital for emergency treatment.

7. First aid for cramps

A cramp caused by a malfunction of the nervous system. For example, children have an underdeveloped nervous system and their cerebral cortex has a weaker control ability, making them more susceptible to cramps. Lie flat on your back when you have a cramp. For cramps due to high fever, apply a cold towel to the head, acupuncture the Hegu point or pinch the Ren Zhong point with your fingernails, give the patient antipyretic tablets orally, and then send the patient to the hospital for treatment. If an epileptic patient has convulsions, chopsticks wrapped in gauze or cloth should be stuffed between the patient's upper and lower teeth to prevent the teeth from biting the tongue; acupuncture should be performed on the Ren Zhong point; and sedatives should be injected. For convulsions caused by hysteria, the patient should be calmed and suggestion therapy should be used.

8. First aid for fainting

Fainting is a brief loss of consciousness caused by temporary anemia. The patient suddenly becomes weak, his eyes turn black, his skin and lips become pale, his limbs become cold, and he breaks out in sweats. For simple fainting caused by being frightened, standing for too long, or suddenly standing up after being bedridden for a long time, the patient should be laid down in a supine position with the head low and feet high to increase blood flow to the brain. The patient should be covered with a quilt to keep warm, kept quiet, and fed hot tea and sugar water. Generally, after first aid treatment, the patient will regain consciousness. If the fainting is caused by heavy bleeding or a history of heart disease, the patient should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.

9. First aid for choking

First, lay the choking person flat in a well-ventilated area, and then perform artificial respiration. First, lift the patient's chin and tilt his head back as far as possible to keep his airway clear. Then pinch his nose and blow hard into his mouth to make his chest bulge. Repeat this process about 12 times per minute. Remember, don't lose confidence and don't give up too early.

10. First aid for choking

If a family member suddenly gets choked by something in his throat while eating, first ask him if he can speak. This means that the air can pass through his throat and he may be able to spit out the object himself. If you can't speak, just hit him four times between his shoulder blades with your palm. Never try to remove the blockage by hand or force it out with water. If his throat is still blocked, quickly take the following measures: stand behind him, hug his waist, make a fist with one hand, and place the thumb on the belly between the ribs and navel; grab the fist with the other hand and press upward quickly. Repeat this process several times until the blockage is removed.

11: First aid for drowning

If the drowning time is too long and the person's breathing seems to have stopped, you should clear the airway as soon as possible and then perform rescue breathing. Do not try to get any water out of his mouth before resuscitation or precious time will be wasted.