Chromosome abnormality

When problems occur in the human body, they need to be improved in time, otherwise the damage to one's health will be great. However, it should be noted that when some problems occur, treatment is the best method, which will be of great help to the patients. What is the matter with chromosomal abnormalities? Many people are not very clear about this. When such problems occur, what should we do?

Many people are not very clear about chromosomal abnormalities and do not know what to do when they occur. There are some factors that cause such problems, so when they occur, you need to follow the doctor's advice.

Causes of Chromosomal Abnormalities:

Chromosomes are the carriers of genes. Chromosome diseases are chromosomal abnormalities, which lead to abnormal gene expression and abnormal development of the body. The pathogenesis of chromosomal aberration is unclear. It may be caused by chromosome nondisjunction in the late stage of cell division or chromosome breakage and reconnection under the influence of various factors inside and outside the body.

1. Physical factors: the radiation environment in which humans live, including natural radiation and artificial radiation. Natural radiation includes cosmic radiation, earth radiation and radiation from radioactive substances in the human body. Artificial radiation includes radiation radiation and occupational exposure.

Ionizing radiation is notable for causing chromosome nondisjunction. Experiments have shown that when the oocytes of irradiated mice in the middle stage of MⅡ are compared with the oocytes of the same period that have not been irradiated, it is found that the rate of non-disjunction is significantly increased in the irradiated group, and this phenomenon is particularly obvious in older mice. When human lymphocytes were irradiated or grown in irradiated serum, the frequency of trisomy in the experimental group was found to be higher than that in the control group, and it caused chromosomal aberrations such as dicentric chromosome ectopy and deletion.

2. Chemical factors: People are exposed to various chemical substances in daily life, some of which are natural products and some are artificially synthesized. They can enter the human body through diet, breathing or skin contact, and cause chromosomal abnormalities.

3. Biological factors: When cells in culture are treated with viruses, various types of chromosomal aberrations often occur, including breakage, fragmentation, and exchange.

4. Maternal age effect: When the fetus is 6-7 months old, all oogonia have developed into primary oocytes and entered the nuclear reticulum stage from the prophase of the first meiotic division. At this time, the chromosomes are loosened and stretched again, just like the previous nucleus, and remain so until before ovulation in puberty. This state may be related to the synthesis of yolk. By puberty, due to the cyclical stimulation of oocytes by FSH, only one completes the first polar body each month. The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary and enters the fallopian tube, where it undergoes the second meiotic division and reaches metaphase. If fertilized at this time, the egg will complete the second meiotic division, become a mature egg, and combine with the sperm to form a zygote, thus starting the development of a new individual until birth. As the mother ages, under the influence of many factors inside and outside the mother, the egg may also undergo many aging changes, affecting the relationship between the same pair of chromosomes during mature division and the behavior in the late stage of division, contributing to the non-disjunction between chromosomes.

5. Genetic factors: Chromosomal abnormalities can often show a familial tendency, which suggests that chromosomal abnormalities are related to genetics.

6. Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases seem to play a role in chromosome nondisjunction. For example, there is a close correlation between increased primary thyroid autoimmune antibodies and familial chromosomal abnormalities.

Through the above introduction, we have some understanding of the causes of chromosomal abnormalities. When such a problem occurs, it also depends on whether the patient has any disease, especially whether the patient has an immune disease. This type of disease has a direct relationship with the cause of chromosomal abnormalities, and treatment must be based on the patient's disease condition.