What is skin cancer and what are its symptoms

Skin cancer is a malignant tumor caused by abnormal proliferation of skin cells. Common symptoms include ulcers that do not heal, abnormally enlarged moles or plaques, and local skin color changes. Early detection and treatment are crucial. If you have any suspicious symptoms, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

1. What is skin cancer?

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, usually caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, which damages the DNA of skin cells. There are three main types: 1. Basal cell carcinoma, which usually grows slowly but is highly destructive locally; 2. Squamous cell carcinoma, which may spread to lymph nodes or other organs; 3. Melanoma, which is the most dangerous and tends to spread quickly. Other risk factors include excessive use of ultraviolet lamps such as tanning equipment, fair skin, genetic factors, and immune system suppression.

2. Early symptoms of skin cancer

1. Basal cell carcinoma: It manifests as small nodules, pearly bumps or superficial ulcers that last for several weeks. It is common on the head, face, behind the ears and neck.

2 Squamous cell carcinoma: manifests as red patches, sclerotic nodules or ulcers on the skin, often accompanied by exudation or crusting, and mainly occurs in sun-exposed areas such as arms and head.

3 Melanoma: It usually appears as a mole of uneven color or a new patch, and may be accompanied by irregular edges, rapid growth of the mole, itching, pain, or easy bleeding.

3. How to deal with skin cancer

If you experience the above symptoms, you should immediately go to a dermatologist or oncologist for examination. Diagnostic methods include dermoscopy, skin biopsy, etc. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the cancer:

1Surgical treatment: including local excision and extended excision, suitable for most early cases of skin cancer.

2Radiotherapy: often used for patients who cannot undergo surgery or as an adjuvant therapy after surgery.

3. Immunotherapy: Suitable for advanced melanoma, used to activate the immune system to attack cancer cells, such as PD-1 inhibitors.

Daily care is also critical, including using a broad-spectrum sunscreen, avoiding high-intensity sun exposure, and checking your skin regularly.

Skin cancer is a preventable disease with a high cure rate in the early stages. Early detection and early treatment are critical. If you find any abnormal skin changes, please consult a professional doctor immediately for a clear diagnosis and intervention. Do not delay.