CT signs of small cell lung cancer

The CT signs of small cell lung cancer usually manifest as single or multiple lung masses with increased density, which may be accompanied by enlarged hilar lymph nodes, widened mediastinum and pleural effusion, which are important bases for clinical diagnosis. After the relevant symptoms are found, it is necessary to seek medical treatment as soon as possible, and to make a clear diagnosis and develop a treatment plan as soon as possible through imaging examinations, pathological biopsies and other means.

1. Characteristics of lung masses

CT images of small cell lung cancer often show a mass with unclear boundaries, high density and often necrotic areas inside. The tumor is usually located in the center of the lung, frequently involving the main bronchus or hilar area, which may lead to bronchial obstructive inflammation or atelectasis. On CT images, these masses can show uneven enhancement through enhanced scanning, and the degree of enhancement varies depending on the blood supply of the tumor. Once similar images are found, further examinations should be performed as soon as possible, including bronchoscopic biopsy or percutaneous puncture biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis.

2. Lymph node lesions and changes in mediastinal width

Small cell lung cancer easily spreads to the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. In CT examination, abnormal enlargement or fusion of the corresponding parts can be observed. Widening of the mediastinum usually reflects the invasive expansion of the tumor, causing erosive wrapping of the main blood vessels and trachea in the mediastinum. These imaging features are highly directional for the diagnosis of advanced small cell lung cancer, but they also need to be combined with other examinations for comprehensive evaluation.

3. Pleural effusion and distant metastasis

Some patients with small cell lung cancer may have pleural effusion on CT scan, which is caused by cancer cells invading the pleura. The composition of pleural effusion can be further determined by thoracentesis. Small cell lung cancer is highly invasive and often accompanied by distant metastasis, such as liver, bone or brain lesions, which can be detected by imaging methods such as CT, MRI or PET-CT.

CT examination is an important diagnostic tool for small cell lung cancer. It can accurately assess the location and size of the tumor and its invasion of surrounding tissues. After obtaining a preliminary diagnosis from the perspective of imaging, it is necessary to combine biopsy and staging evaluation to determine the treatment plan, including individualized options such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy. Regular physical examinations and early screening are important measures for high-risk groups to reduce risks. Once suspicious symptoms or abnormal imaging occur, you should consult a professional as soon as possible for further diagnosis and intervention.