What are the symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx. Its symptoms include nasal congestion, nosebleeds, tinnitus, hearing loss, etc. In severe cases, it may cause headaches and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. The causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma involve genetic, environmental, physiological, traumatic and pathological factors. Early detection and treatment are the key to improving the cure rate.

1. Genetic factors: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a familial clustering in some people, especially in southern China. Studies have shown that certain gene mutations may increase the risk of disease. People with a family history should undergo regular nasopharyngeal examinations to detect abnormalities early.

2. Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to certain chemicals such as formaldehyde, nitrosamines, or inhalation of pollutants such as dust and smoke may increase the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer. People who are occupationally exposed to substances such as sawdust and nickel need to pay special attention to protection.

3. Physiological factors: Epstein-Barr virus infection is closely related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The virus may activate the carcinogenic mechanism through abnormal immune system. Patients with low immunity or chronic inflammation should be screened regularly to prevent disease progression.

4. Trauma: Long-term mechanical stimulation or damage to the nasopharynx, such as repeated nasal surgery or trauma, may induce abnormal proliferation of local tissues and increase the risk of cancer. Avoiding unnecessary damage to the nasopharynx is an important preventive measure.

5. Pathological factors: If chronic nasopharyngitis, nasal polyps and other diseases are not treated in time, they may develop into nasopharyngeal cancer. Actively treating chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx and regular follow-up examinations can help reduce the risk of cancer.

Treatment methods include drug therapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Common chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin and paclitaxel are used in drug therapy, and targeted drugs such as cetuximab have also shown good results. Radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and precise radiotherapy can effectively control tumor growth. Surgical treatment is suitable for early cases, and common procedures include endoscopic sinus surgery and neck lymph node dissection.

In terms of diet, it is recommended to consume more foods rich in vitamins C and E, such as citrus fruits and nuts, to enhance immunity. In terms of exercise, moderate aerobic exercise such as brisk walking and swimming can help improve the body's resistance.

The early symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer are easily overlooked. If you experience persistent nasal congestion, nose bleeding, or tinnitus, you should seek medical attention immediately. The cure rate of nasopharyngeal cancer can be significantly improved through comprehensive treatment and a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical examinations and health management are the key to preventing and early detecting nasopharyngeal cancer.