Early symptoms of melanoma in children

Early symptoms of melanoma in children include irregular black or brown spots on the skin, changes in the color or size of the mole, blurred or asymmetrical mole edges, etc. Early detection and timely medical treatment are the key, and treatment methods include surgical excision, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

1. Genetic factors

Melanoma may be related to heredity, and children with a family history of melanoma have a higher risk of the disease. Gene mutations such as abnormalities in the CDKN2A or BRAF genes may increase the probability of disease. Families with a family history are advised to take their children for regular skin examinations, especially to observe changes in moles.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays is an important cause of melanoma. Children have delicate skin and are more susceptible to ultraviolet damage. Parents should take sun protection measures for their children, such as using sunscreen, wearing sun hats and clothing, and avoiding long-term outdoor activities during periods of strong sunlight.

3. Physiological factors

Children's immune systems are not fully developed yet, so they may have a weaker ability to eliminate abnormal cells, increasing the risk of melanoma. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help enhance immunity.

4. Trauma

Repeated friction or damage to the skin may induce melanoma. Parents should take care to protect their children's skin and avoid prolonged friction or pressure on certain parts, especially areas with existing moles.

5. Pathological factors

Melanoma may develop from a benign mole that has become malignant. If you find that your child's mole has uneven color, irregular edges, increased diameter, or is accompanied by symptoms such as itching or bleeding, you should seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis can be confirmed through dermoscopy or biopsy.

Treatment:

Surgical resection: For early melanoma, surgical resection is the preferred method. Complete removal of the lesion can effectively prevent its spread.

Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific gene mutations, such as BRAF inhibitors, can inhibit tumor growth.

Immunotherapy: Treatment that activates the immune system to attack cancer cells, such as PD-1 inhibitors, is suitable for advanced or recurrent melanoma.

Prevention and care:

Diet: Eating more foods rich in antioxidants, such as dark-colored vegetables and fruits, can help protect skin health.

Exercise: Moderate exercise can promote blood circulation and enhance immunity, but avoid excessive sun exposure.

The early symptoms of melanoma in children should not be ignored. Parents should pay close attention to their children's skin changes and seek medical treatment in time. Through scientific treatment and prevention measures, the risk of melanoma can be effectively reduced and the health of children can be protected.