What is primary liver cancer

Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from liver cells, mainly consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Its occurrence is related to multiple factors such as genetics, environment, physiology, trauma and pathology. Treatment methods include surgery, drug therapy and lifestyle adjustment.

1. Genetic factors

Some patients with primary liver cancer have a family genetic predisposition, especially gene mutations related to liver cancer, such as TP53, CTNNB1, etc. People with a family history of liver cancer need to undergo regular liver examinations, and early screening can help reduce the risk.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to carcinogens such as aflatoxin and nitrosamines is an important cause of primary liver cancer. Water pollution, long-term drinking, smoking and other bad living habits can also increase the risk of disease. Reducing exposure to carcinogens and improving the living environment are the key to prevention.

3. Physiological factors

Chronic hepatitis such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C and cirrhosis are the main pathological basis of primary liver cancer. Patients with viral hepatitis need active antiviral treatment, and patients with cirrhosis should have their liver function monitored regularly and undergo liver transplantation evaluation if necessary.

4. Trauma

Liver trauma may cause local tissue damage, and long-term unhealed liver damage may induce cancer. Avoiding strenuous exercise or trauma and promptly treating liver damage are important preventive measures.

5. Pathological factors

From mild fatty liver to severe cirrhosis, the progression of liver disease may eventually develop into liver cancer. Controlling weight, improving diet structure, and avoiding high-fat and high-sugar diets can help slow the progression of the disease.

Treatment:

1. Surgical treatment

Surgical resection is the first choice for early-stage liver cancer, including partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation. For patients with localized tumors and good liver function, surgery can significantly improve survival rates.

2. Drug treatment

Targeted drugs such as sorafenib and lenvatinib can inhibit tumor growth, and immunotherapy drugs such as PD-1 inhibitors also have certain effects. Chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin and fluorouracil can be used for patients in the advanced stage.

3. Lifestyle Adjustment

In terms of diet, it is recommended to consume more foods rich in vitamins and antioxidants, such as fresh vegetables, fruits and whole grains. In terms of exercise, moderate aerobic exercise such as walking and swimming can help enhance immunity.

The prevention and treatment of primary liver cancer requires a multi-pronged approach, with early screening and a healthy lifestyle being the key. Regular physical examinations, avoiding exposure to carcinogens, and actively treating underlying liver disease are effective measures to reduce the risk.