What are the causes of primary liver cancer

The occurrence of primary liver cancer is related to multiple factors such as genetics, environment, physiology, trauma and pathology. Specific causes include chronic hepatitis virus infection, long-term drinking, cirrhosis, etc. Prevention and treatment should start with controlling the cause, improving lifestyle and medical intervention.

1. Genetic factors

Some patients with primary liver cancer have a family genetic tendency, especially related to certain gene mutations. If there is a family history of liver cancer, it is recommended to regularly perform liver function tests and imaging screening, such as B-ultrasound or CT, to detect lesions early.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to aflatoxin-contaminated environments or eating contaminated food may increase the risk of liver cancer. Drinking water containing heavy metals may also induce liver cancer. Avoiding eating moldy food and choosing a safe drinking water source are important preventive measures.

3. Physiological factors

Chronic hepatitis virus infection such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C is one of the main causes of primary liver cancer. Persistent viral infection can cause liver cell damage and inflammation, and may eventually develop into liver cancer. Vaccination against hepatitis B and regular monitoring of viral load are the key to prevention.

4. Trauma

Liver trauma or surgery may cause local tissue damage and increase the risk of cancer. For people with a history of liver surgery or trauma, regular follow-up is required to monitor changes in liver function.

5. Pathological factors

Liver cirrhosis is an important pathological basis for primary liver cancer. Long-term drinking, fatty liver, autoimmune liver disease, etc. can all lead to liver cirrhosis and then develop into liver cancer. Controlling alcohol consumption, improving diet structure such as low-fat, high-fiber diet, and moderate exercise such as brisk walking and swimming can help slow the progression of the disease.

Treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment and interventional treatment. Drug therapy can use targeted drugs such as sorafenib and lenvatinib; surgical treatment includes partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation; interventional treatment such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is also a common method.

The prevention and treatment of primary liver cancer requires a multi-pronged approach, from cause control to lifestyle improvement to medical intervention. Regular physical examinations, early detection and standardized treatment are the key to improving survival rates.