What causes throat cancer?

The occurrence of laryngeal cancer is related to many factors, including genetics, environment, physiology, trauma and pathology. The prevention and treatment of laryngeal cancer requires lifestyle, dietary adjustments, regular physical examinations and other aspects.

1. Genetic factors

Some patients with pharyngeal cancer have a family genetic predisposition, and gene mutations may increase the risk of the disease. If there is a family history of pharyngeal cancer, it is recommended to regularly check the pharynx, especially laryngoscopy and imaging screening, to detect abnormalities early.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to harmful environments is an important cause of throat cancer. Smoking, drinking, air pollution, and exposure to chemicals such as asbestos and nickel can increase the risk of disease. Quitting smoking and drinking and reducing exposure to harmful substances are the key to prevention.

3. Physiological factors

Ageing, decreased immunity, and chronic inflammation such as long-term pharyngitis may also lead to throat cancer. Maintaining good living habits, enhancing immunity, and timely treatment of chronic inflammation can help reduce the risk of disease.

4. Trauma

Long-term mechanical stimulation, such as frequent overuse of the vocal cords or trauma to the throat, may induce cancer. Avoid overuse of the voice, pay attention to protecting the throat, and reduce unnecessary stimulation.

5. Pathological factors

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely related to throat cancer, especially oropharyngeal cancer. Getting the HPV vaccine, paying attention to oral hygiene, and avoiding high-risk sexual behaviors are important measures to prevent infection.

Treatments include:

Drug treatment: such as the targeted drug cetuximab, the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, and the immunotherapy drug PD-1 inhibitor.

Surgical treatment: such as partial laryngectomy, total laryngectomy and cervical lymph node dissection.

Radiotherapy: Suitable for early-stage patients or postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Dietary recommendations: Eat more foods rich in antioxidants, such as blueberries, carrots, and broccoli; avoid spicy and overly hot foods. Exercise recommendations: Moderate aerobic exercise such as brisk walking and swimming can help enhance immunity.

The prevention and treatment of laryngeal cancer requires a combination of many factors, and early detection and intervention are key. Regular physical examinations, improving lifestyle habits, and timely medical treatment are effective ways to reduce the risk of disease.