Is thyroid cancer serious?

The severity of thyroid cancer depends on its type and stage. In most cases, thyroid cancer is relatively low in severity, but early detection and treatment are still key.

1. Types of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is mainly divided into papillary adenocarcinoma, follicular adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. Among them, undifferentiated carcinoma is more malignant and prone to lymph node and blood metastasis. In contrast, papillary and follicular adenocarcinomas are better differentiated and relatively less malignant.

2. Choice of surgical treatment

Surgery is the main treatment for thyroid cancer. Depending on the condition, the scope of surgery may range from lobectomy and isthmus resection to total thyroidectomy. Surgery may also include clearance of the neck lymph nodes to reduce the risk of cancer cells spreading.

3. The importance of endocrine therapy

For patients who undergo subtotal or total resection, endocrine therapy is key. Lifelong use of thyroxine tablets can prevent hypothyroidism and suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to reduce the growth stimulation of cancer cells. The drug dose needs to be adjusted according to plasma T4 and TSH levels.

4. Application of radionuclide therapy

Patients with papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma may need iodine-131 radiation therapy after surgery, especially those who are older than 45 years, have multiple lesions, locally aggressive tumors, and distant metastases. This treatment can effectively reduce the number of residual cancer cells.

5. Applicable situations for external radiation exposure

External beam radiation may be necessary for anaplastic thyroid cancer, a type of cancer that is more aggressive and has limited success with conventional surgery and endocrine therapy. Radiation therapy can help control the disease.

6. Early detection and regular examination

Although most thyroid cancers are low-grade, early detection and treatment are still critical. Regular physical examinations and thyroid ultrasounds can help detect potential problems early and improve treatment effectiveness.

7. Lifestyle Adjustment

During treatment, it is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. A balanced diet, moderate exercise, and a good mental state can improve the body's immunity and help with treatment and recovery.

Thyroid cancer is usually well treated, but it should not be taken lightly. Through early detection, proper treatment, and lifestyle adjustments, patients can have a good prognosis.