What are the nursing methods for liver cancer? Three major nursing measures for liver cancer patients

1. General care

1. Warmly welcome patients, do a good job in hospital education, eliminate patients' fear, make them feel trust, and actively cooperate with treatment.

2. Pay attention to rest and reduce activity to reduce the burden on the liver.

3. Ensure protein intake, eat appropriate amounts of fat and high vitamins.

4. For those with ascites, salt intake should be limited to 3-5g per day. For those with precursors of hepatic coma and hepatic coma, protein intake should be temporarily stopped and sugar should be the main intake.

5. Keep the bed clean and flat, turn over regularly, and for those who are thin, massage the bony protrusions with safflower alcohol every day to prevent bedsores.

6. Provide good oral care for those in hepatic coma and those who cannot eat.

2. Observation of the disease

1. Observe changes in vital signs and consciousness status to detect changes in the condition in a timely manner.

2. Observe the nature, duration, and presence of radiation of pain in the liver area.

3. After liver-interventional treatment, observe the patient's dorsalis pedis artery pulsation and whether there is bleeding in the wound, and observe changes in blood pressure.

4. After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the occurrence of various side effects should be closely observed and symptomatic treatment should be done.

(III) Symptomatic care

1. For patients with pain in the liver area, analgesics should be given according to the three-level analgesia method, and psychological care and health education on pain relief should be provided.

2. For those with poor appetite, they should change their diet frequently and eat small and frequent meals. Those with upper gastrointestinal bleeding should fast during the active period.

3. Patients with abdominal distension and ascites should adopt a semi-recumbent position, keep the bed clean, turn over regularly, and prevent bedsores.

4. Nursing for various complications.

4. Health guidance

1. Actively quit smoking and drinking. Tobacco contains many carcinogens; long-term excessive drinking increases the burden on the liver and is harmful to recovery from the disease.

2. Relieve the mental burden of patients, encourage them to actively participate in recreational activities and lead a regular life. After the condition is relieved, they should participate in work within their ability to eliminate the influence of "incurable disease" and maintain normal body function. However, in the case of compensatory function decline and concurrent infection, they must absolutely stay in bed and rest.

3. Pay attention to personal hygiene, change contaminated clothing in time, keep the environment clean and well ventilated. Trim your nails frequently to prevent scratching the skin and causing infection. Avoid collision and squeezing of the skin in the edematous area.

4. Actively prevent bedsores, and change the position of bedridden patients every 2 hours. Patients with ascites and limb edema should correctly record the amount of blood and measure the abdominal circumference.

5. Diet adjustment, especially during the postoperative recovery period and chemotherapy, must pay attention to diet adjustment to facilitate recovery. Eat a high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin, low-fat diet. People with edema should not eat bacon and pickles. People with cirrhosis should not eat hard, hot, and irritating foods.

6. For patients undergoing chemotherapy, drug toxicity reactions should be observed. For example, in case of oral ulcers, the patient can rinse the mouth with saline or boric acid water and apply gentian violet topically. Patients with hair loss should wear wigs. White blood cell count should be checked regularly. If the white blood cell count is lower than 4*109/L, chemotherapy should be suspended because chemotherapy drugs can easily inhibit the hematopoietic system and cause infection. Attention should be paid to air circulation in the ward, and the room should be disinfected regularly, and visiting should be restricted.

7. For patients who need liver cancer surgery, preoperative comprehensive liver function and coagulation function examination should be performed, bowel preparation should be performed 3 days before surgery, streptomycin should be taken orally in 2 doses, cleansing enema should be performed the night before surgery, and vitamin K1 should be injected intramuscularly 3 days before surgery.