What should be paid attention to in the postoperative care of liver cancer? Four aspects of postoperative care for liver cancer

Reasonable diet arrangement for liver cancer patients is a natural way to obtain adequate nutrition and better fight the disease. We all know that reasonable nutrition can enhance the patient's physique. Cancer patients often have poor appetite, insufficient nutrition intake, and their physical condition deteriorates, so dietary treatment for liver cancer patients becomes even more important.

1. Respiratory care

Due to the large surgical trauma, elevated diaphragm, and limited respiratory movement, if the patient has difficulty coughing and expectoration, nebulization inhalation can be given. After each nebulization inhalation, the patient should be turned over in time, tapped on the back, and instructed to press the incision with both hands, take a deep breath and cough. Encourage the patient to cough up the sputum.

2. Diet care

Generally, patients should fast for 3 days, and after intestinal peristalsis is restored, they should be given full flow, half flow and normal food. Due to liver dysfunction, loss of appetite and poor nutritional status, nutritional support should be given. When patients can eat, they should be guided to choose some high-calorie, moderate-quality protein, high-vitamin, low-fat, low-sodium and easily digestible foods. The basic principle is to eat small meals frequently, avoid raw, cold and hard foods, and measure the patient's weight regularly to understand the nutritional status.

3. Cleaning and care

Because drainage tubes, retained catheters, malnutrition and excessive sputum can be potential risks of infection, skin care should be strengthened, the whole body should be scrubbed with warm water several times a day, the vagina and perineum should be kept clean, the bed should be kept clean and dry, and the bed sheets and hospital gowns should be changed once a day. Oral care should be strengthened during fasting. Patients and their families should not uncover the gauze at will or touch the incision with their hands to prevent contamination. When replacing each drainage tube, it must be disinfected with a dilute iodine tincture cotton swab, antibiotics should be used reasonably, infection should be prevented and controlled, and physical signs should be closely observed within 5 days after surgery: whether there are bleeding spots, cyanosis and jaundice, observe the exudation and bleeding of the wound, and monitor the patient's urine sugar, urine specific gravity, and urine volume. Reasonably arrange the order of infusion to provide a reliable basis for patient diagnosis and treatment.

4. Rehabilitation care

Patients undergoing liver lobectomy should be closely observed for mental confusion, reduced self-care ability, abnormal personality and behavior, and high-protein diets. Carbohydrate-based foods should be given to ensure the balance of water, electrolytes and other nutrients. Bed rest and avoid strenuous exercise. Cleaning the intestines before surgery can reduce the source of blood ammonia and eliminate some factors that may cause hepatic encephalopathy after surgery. Intermittent oxygen should be given for 3-4 days after surgery to protect liver cells. Keep blood oxygen saturation above 95%.

In addition, a small number of patients may suffer from local infection of the liver wound due to poor abdominal drainage after hepatectomy, leading to secondary bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding after surgery. The patient's gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, should be closely observed. The color and nature of the vomitus and feces should be observed, and occult blood tests should be performed when necessary.