Detailed symptoms of testicular cancer

Clinically, many cancers are already in the middle or late stages when they are diagnosed. They could have been cured, but now they can only prolong life. This is a pity. Although the early symptoms of most cancers are not obvious, as long as we are careful, we will definitely be able to find clues. Next, let's learn about the detailed symptoms of testicular cancer.

The early symptoms of testicular cancer are:

1. Testicular enlargement. In 88% of patients, the testicles are enlarged to varying degrees. Sometimes the testicles are completely replaced by tumors, with a hard texture and the normal elasticity disappearing. The surface is smooth in the early stage, but may be nodular in the late stage. It may adhere to the scrotum or even rupture. The scrotal skin may be dark red, and there are often tortuosity on the surface. When doing a light transmission test, it is not transparent. If the tumor is cryptorchid, the lumps are often palpated in the abdomen, groin, etc., and the scrotum on the same side is empty. Some patients with testicular tumors are also accompanied by hydrocele. Some are still normal or slightly larger, so they are rarely discovered by themselves. They are often discovered during physical examinations or treatment of other diseases. Some patients seek medical treatment because of a feeling of falling caused by testicular enlargement.

2. Pain Nearly 90% of patients have lost testicular sensation and are painless. Therefore, it is generally believed that the tumor is a painless scrotal mass. It is worth noting that acutely painful testicular tumors can also be seen in clinical practice, but they are often considered to be inflammatory signs. The cause of pain is bleeding or central necrosis in the tumor, or pain caused by testicular tumors invading tissues outside the testicle.

3. Metastatic symptoms Testicular tumors mainly metastasize to lymph nodes, which are commonly found in the internal iliac, common iliac, para-aortic and mediastinal lymph nodes. The metastatic lesions can be very large and can be felt in the abdomen. Patients complain of waist and back pain. Patients with testicular choriocarcinoma may experience breast hypertrophy and pigmentation of the nipple and areola.

Symptoms of testicular cancer metastasis:

1. Lymphatic metastasis Testicular tumors mainly metastasize to lymph nodes, and about 52% of patients have already developed lymphatic metastasis when receiving treatment. Through the lymphatic pathway, testicular tumors metastasize to the lymph nodes around the iliac and aorta, then to the mediastinal and/or supraclavicular lymph nodes, followed by metastasis to the liver, lungs, pleura, kidneys, intestines, bladder, trunk bones, etc.

2. Locally invasive testicular cancer metastases by expanding the tumor through the tunica albuginea to the epididymis, spermatic cord, scrotal skin and other parts, and then to the inguinal lymph nodes.

3. Testicular cancer has a very low chance of hematogenous metastasis. Many testicular cancer patients, due to shyness and taboo, will not seek treatment until the testicular cancer has advanced symptoms and the tumor has spread and metastasized widely, but this has delayed the good opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, timely detection and timely adoption of active treatment measures are the key to curing testicular cancer.