What are the common etiologies of thyroid cancer?

What are the common etiologies of thyroid cancer? The occurrence of diseases is always closely related to our lives. If we understand the relevant pathogenic factors in life, we can avoid them to the greatest extent. The same is true for the causes of thyroid cancer. So what are the common etiologies of thyroid cancer?

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In areas where endemic nodular goiter is prevalent, the incidence of thyroid cancer, especially poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, is also very high. Age-based surveys show that the incidence rate is 2 to 3 times higher in women, and the age distribution of various types of thyroid cancer is also different.

Thyroid cancer etiology

(I) Iodine and TSH

Excessive or insufficient iodine intake can change the structure and function of the thyroid gland. For example, the incidence of thyroid cancer in the endemic goiter-endemic area of ​​Switzerland is 2ermil, 20 times higher than that in non-endemic areas such as Berlin. On the contrary, a high-iodine diet can also easily induce thyroid cancer. Iceland and Japan are countries with the highest iodine intake, and their thyroid cancer detection rates are higher than those in other countries. This may be related to the factors that stimulate thyroid hyperplasia by TSH. Experiments have shown that long-term TSH stimulation can promote thyroid hyperplasia, form nodules and cancer.

2. Genetic factors

About 5% to 10% of medullary thyroid cancers have a clear family history and are often combined with pheochromocytoma and other intercalary diseases. It is speculated that the occurrence of this type of cancer may be related to chromosomal genetic factors.

3. Radiation damage

Irradiating the thyroid gland of experimental mice with X-rays can induce thyroid cancer in animals. Experiments have shown that 131I can change the metabolism of thyroid cells, deform the nucleus, and greatly reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormone.

It can be seen that on the one hand, radiation causes abnormal division of thyroid cells, leading to cancer; on the other hand, it damages the thyroid gland and makes it unable to produce endocrine hormones. The resulting large secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) can also promote thyroid cell cancer.

(IV) Other thyroid diseases

There have been clinical reports of thyroid adenocarcinoma, chronic thyroiditis, nodular goiter, or certain toxic goiters becoming cancerous, but the relationship between these thyroid lesions and thyroid cancer is still difficult to confirm.

Taking thyroid adenoma as an example, the vast majority of thyroid adenomas are follicular, and only 2% are papillary. If thyroid cancer is transformed from adenoma, the vast majority should be follicular. In fact, more than half of thyroid cancers are papillary. It is speculated that the incidence of thyroid adenoma cancer is also very small.

The above is some information that the editor has introduced to you about some diseases that you are concerned about or just want to know. I hope it can help you. If there are still some questions, please consult our online experts. Our experts will give you a detailed introduction. Finally, I wish you all good health and a happy work.