Analysis of pathological changes in glioma

Glioma is a very dangerous disease. Once you have this disease, it will endanger people's life safety. It is a disease caused by the appearance of the ectoderm of the neural layer (called glial tumor). The pathology of glioma is very fast. Today, let's analyze what changes will occur in this disease?

Pathological changes of glioma:

1. The growth of glioma will lead to the highest local intracranial pressure, and a pressure gradient will be generated between the various intracranial cavities, causing brain displacement. Gradually worsening, brain herniation will form. Supratentorial cerebral hemisphere tumors can cause subfalcine herniation, and the cingulate gyrus can move across the midline, which can cause wedge-shaped necrosis. The pericallosal artery can also be compressed and displaced, and severe cases can cause cerebral infarction in the supply area. More importantly, the tentorial notch herniation is the displacement and herniation of the medial sulcus of the temporal lobe through the tentorial notch to the posterior cranial fossa. The ipsilateral oculomotor nerve is compressed and paralyzed, the pupil is dilated, and the light response disappears.

2. As the tumor gradually grows, it forms an intracranial space-occupying lesion, which is often accompanied by surrounding brain edema. When the compensation limit is exceeded, the intracranial pressure increases. When the tumor blocks the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid or compresses the veins, causing venous return obstruction, the intracranial pressure increases further. If bleeding, necrosis and cyst formation occur in the tumor, the process can be accelerated. When the intracranial pressure increases to a critical point, the intracranial volume continues to increase slightly, and the intracranial pressure will increase rapidly.

3. When intracranial pressure monitoring is performed, when the pressure reaches 6.67-13.3 kPa of mercury, plateau waves will appear. Plateau waves appear repeatedly and last for a long time, which is a clinical sign. When the intracranial pressure is equal to the arterial pressure, the cerebral blood vessels will be paralyzed, the cerebral blood flow will stop, the blood pressure will drop, and the patient will die soon.

4. Sometimes the contralateral cerebral peduncle compresses the edge of the tentorium or the bone apex, causing ipsilateral hemiplegia. The posterior choroidal artery and the posterior cerebral artery may also be compressed, causing ischemic necrosis. Finally, compression of the brainstem can cause downward axial displacement, leading to infarction and bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons. The patient is in a coma, blood pressure rises, the pulse is slow, breathing is deep and irregular, and decerebrate rigidity may occur, and finally breathing stops, blood pressure drops, and the heart stops and death occurs. Infratentorial posterior fossa tumors can cause foramen magnum herniation, and the cerebellar tonsils shift downward and herniate out of the foramen magnum. In severe cases, the ventral side of the medulla oblongata compresses the anterior edge of the foramen magnum. Supratentorial tumors may also be accompanied by foramen magnum herniation. This causes medullary ischemia, the patient is in a coma, blood pressure rises, the pulse is slow and strong, and the breathing is deep and unplanned. Then breathing stops, blood pressure drops, and the pulse is rapid and weak, eventually leading to death.

Therefore, the pathological changes of glioma are quite scary. Once you feel unwell, you should seek medical attention in time.