What are the auxiliary examination methods for lung cancer

Primary bronchogenic carcinoma refers to a malignant tumor originating from the bronchial mucosa and alveoli. Early detection of lung cancer is very important and directly affects the treatment effect of patients. So what kind of examinations are needed for lung cancer? There are mainly laboratory tests, imaging tests and pathological examination methods.

1. Routine inspection
1. Laboratory examination:
Serum tumor markers (TM) are commonly used laboratory tests in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is currently the most commonly used marker in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Its increase is directly related to the number of cancer cells, and its sensitivity is ≥50%. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is specifically distributed in neurons and neuroendocrine cells and is the first choice for diagnosing SCLC.
2. Imaging examination ① Chest X-ray: It is the most commonly used examination method. Most lung cancer lesions can be found on chest X-rays in the frontal and lateral positions. It not only provides the range of the primary tumor, but also provides important information on whether there is distant metastasis.
② CT examination: Chest CT is a common method to further evaluate the primary tumor and determine whether there is lymph node and solid organ metastasis. Patients with conditions can undergo more accurate imaging stereoscopic examination PET-CT.
3. Pathological examination ① Endoscopic examination: Lung masses are considered to be tumors. When the lesions are estimated to be located above the subsegmental bronchus, a biopsy is performed using a fiberoptic bronchoscope.
②Percutaneous lung biopsy: It is suitable for those whose lung periphery cannot be examined by endoscopy. CT-guided needle biopsy tissue examination can increase the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer to more than 90%.
③Cytological examination: The positive rate of sputum cytological examination in central lung cancer can reach more than 80%.