How to diagnose esophageal cancer

How to diagnose esophageal cancer? Let's talk about this issue today. Esophageal cancer is mainly diagnosed through comprehensive examinations of functional examinations, imaging examinations, cytological examinations, and esophagoscopy to reach an accurate diagnosis. Let's take a look at them one by one.

1. Examination of esophageal function: 1) Esophageal motility test: A) Esophageal manometry, suitable for patients suspected of esophageal motility disorder; B) Acid clearance test, used to measure the peristaltic efficiency of the esophageal body to eliminate acid. 2) Gastroesophageal reflux test: A) Esophageal acid perfusion test; B) 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring; C) Lower esophageal sphincter manometry test.

2. Imaging diagnosis: 1) X-ray barium meal examination: It is one of the important means to diagnose esophageal and cardia tumors, and can provide reliable data for the study of early esophageal tumors. 2) CT examination: CT scan can clearly show the relationship between the esophagus and adjacent mediastinal organs, but it is difficult to find early esophageal tumors. Combining CT with X-ray examinations is helpful for the diagnosis of esophageal tumors and the improvement of staging level.

3. Esophageal exfoliative cytology examination: Esophageal exfoliative cytology examination is simple, easy and safe to operate, causes little pain to the patients, and has an accuracy rate of over 90%. It is an important method for diagnosing esophageal tumors.

4. Esophagoscopy: Fiberoptic esophagoscopy has been widely used to diagnose esophageal tumors. Esophagoscopy can directly observe the size, shape and location of the tumor.

5. Differential diagnosis: In addition to medical history, symptoms and signs, the differential diagnosis of esophageal tumors depends largely on X-ray and endoscopic examinations, and the final diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology. Esophageal tumors need to be differentiated from benign and other malignant tumors of the esophagus.