Clinical manifestations of renal cancer

Common symptoms of kidney cancer are hematuria, mass, and pain, which is the triad of kidney cancer. When the triad appears, it is already in the late stage, and the appearance of a single symptom is not necessarily an early manifestation. Once macroscopic hematuria appears, it indicates that the tumor has invaded the renal pelvis or calyx. Patients often have dull pain or pain in the waist, which is caused by increased tension in the kidney capsule. If the pain is not severe, it is often thought to be caused by other reasons and the time is delayed. Therefore, it is difficult to detect kidney cancer in the early stage.

Kidney cancer has many extrarenal manifestations, such as low fever, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypertension, polycythemia, hypercalcemia, ipsilateral varicocele, weight loss, anemia, weakness, etc. These symptoms are not specific and can be easily misdiagnosed as other diseases, thus delaying diagnosis. When kidney cancer patients seek medical treatment, about 1/4 of them have already had tumor spread and show symptoms of metastatic lesions, such as pathological fractures, cough, hemoptysis, etc.