What are the special issues in treating kidney cancer

Kidney cancer originates in the epithelium of the urinary tubules and is also known as renal cell carcinoma or renal adenocarcinoma. Kidney cancer accounts for about 80%-90% of adult malignant tumors and is the most common kidney tumor in adults. So, what are the special issues in the treatment of kidney cancer?

1. Tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava. Renal cancer is prone to tumor thrombus in the renal vein and inferior vena cava. If no local or distant spread is found, the tumor thrombus in the vein or the inferior vena cava can be removed at the same time during radical nephrectomy, with a good prognosis. During surgery, the inferior vena cava should be blocked above the level of the thrombus to avoid fatal pulmonary embolism. If the thrombus extends to the heart, the inferior vena cava can be blocked in the pericardium, and then the inferior vena cava can be cut open to remove the tumor thrombus.

2. Preserve kidney tissue. Kidney cancer surgery that preserves kidney tissue, such as bilateral renal cancer or solitary kidney cancer, and poor contralateral kidney function, such as renal vascular hypertension and kidney stones

3. Local spread. Complete surgical removal of the tumor and invaded tissue is the only cure, but the 5-year survival rate of such patients is only 5%. Local spread of renal cancer may be accompanied by pain because the tumor invades the posterior abdominal wall, sacrospinal muscle and nerve roots. Renal cancer rarely infiltrates the liver directly, and intrahepatic metastasis is more common than direct infiltration. Involvement of the duodenum and pancreas is almost impossible to cure. Although there are distant metastases, as long as surgery is possible, most of the primary kidneys can be removed, and the metastatic lesions may have a fairly long survival rate.