What are the three major clinical types of lung cancer?

Lung cancer is the most common primary lung malignancy. Most lung cancers originate from the bronchial mucosal epithelium, so it is also called bronchial lung cancer. In the past 50 years, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have increased rapidly in countries around the world, especially in industrialized countries. Lung cancer has ranked first among male patients who died of cancer. More than 40 years ago, among patients who underwent surgical treatment for lung diseases in China, the vast majority were tuberculosis, followed by purulent lung infections such as bronchiectasis and lung abscesses, and there were few cases of lung cancer.

Clinical type

1. Squamous cell carcinoma (also known as squamous cell carcinoma)

It is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 50%. Most patients are over 50 years old, and most are men. Most of them originate from larger bronchi and are often central lung cancers. Although the degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma varies, it generally grows and develops slowly and has a long course. It is more sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. It first metastasizes through the lymph nodes, and blood metastasis occurs later.

2. Undifferentiated carcinoma

The incidence rate is second only to squamous cell carcinoma. It is more common in men, with a younger age of onset. It usually originates from larger bronchi. Central lung cancer can be divided into several types according to the morphology of tissue cells, such as oat cell, small round cell and large cell, among which oat cell is the most common. Undifferentiated carcinoma is highly malignant, grows fast, and metastasizes to lymph nodes and blood at an early stage. It is more sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy and has the worst prognosis among all types of lung cancer.

3. Adenocarcinoma

Originated from the bronchial mucosal epithelium, a few originate from the mucous glands of large bronchi. The incidence rate is lower than that of squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, the age of onset is younger, and it is relatively more common in women. Most adenocarcinomas originate from smaller bronchi and are peripheral lung cancers. There are generally no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stages, and they are often discovered during chest X-ray examinations. They appear as round or oval masses, which generally grow slowly, but sometimes blood metastasis occurs in the early stages. Lymphatic metastasis occurs later.

4. Alveolar cell carcinoma

Originated from the bronchial mucosal epithelium, it is also called bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma or bronchiolar adenocarcinoma. It is located around the lung field and has the lowest incidence among all types of lung cancer. It is more common in women. It is generally highly differentiated and grows slowly. Cancer cells grow along the bronchioalveolar ducts and alveolar walls without invading the alveolar septa. Lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis occur later, but can spread to other lobes through the bronchi or invade the pleura. Alveolar cell carcinoma has two morphological types: nodular and diffuse. The former can be a single nodule or multiple nodules; the latter is similar in morphology to pneumonia lesions. For the nodular type with limited range, surgical resection has a better effect.

The above is an introduction to "What are the three major clinical types of lung cancer?" I hope it will be helpful to everyone. People who are related to the pathogenic factors of lung cancer are advised to take preventive measures against lung cancer. If you have other questions about lung cancer, please consult our experts online or call for consultation.

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