What are the means of detecting breast cancer?

At present, doctors mainly use the following methods to judge whether breast lumps are benign or malignant: ① physical examination, including visual examination and palpation; ② molybdenum target X-ray; ③ ultrasound examination; ④ infrared scanning; ⑤ puncture; ⑥ biopsy; ⑦ others. The above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages for diagnosing breast lumps.

1. Physical Examination

The doctor's physical examination is extremely important for judging whether a breast lump is benign or malignant. But the accuracy of the judgment depends on the doctor's experience. If a doctor has been exposed to this type of disease for a long time and is good at summarizing experience, then after examining the patient, he will have a rough idea of ​​the details in his mind. If the physical signs are typical, he can make an accurate diagnosis without even any examination, and sometimes even the combined examination is not as accurate as his manual examination. And this feeling of the doctor is often only understood and difficult to describe. However, if you find a doctor who is not good at it, sometimes even if he is famous in other aspects, the situation will be very different. So you must go through formal channels to find a specialist doctor who treats this type of disease. Yu Zhiyong, Breast Disease Center, Shandong Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute

2. Molybdenum target X-ray

It can detect 85% to 90% of breast cancers in patients over the age of 50, can discover early cancers that are not clinically palpable, and can detect microcalcifications. In countries with a high incidence of breast cancer, it can effectively reduce breast cancer mortality (by 30% to 50%). However, it is not yet popular in domestic hospitals, and the quality of different hospitals varies greatly. In many cases, it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis, which includes factors such as the level of the doctors who read the films.

3. Ultrasonic examination

It has outstanding advantages in distinguishing cysts from solid masses, can detect cysts as small as 2mm in diameter, can assist X-ray examinations in screening for dense breasts, has accurate positioning, can clearly display the breast layers, can detect the condition of the axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and can predict benign and malignant lesions through blood supply. It is economical, simple, painless, and does not cause radiation damage, making it more suitable for young women.

4. Infrared scanning

It mainly uses the different absorption rates of infrared rays by soft tissues of different structures in the human body for diagnosis. It can display the gray scale of lesions and related blood vessel shadows. It is simple, easy and non-destructive. It can be used together with CBE as a means for primary care doctors to increase their vigilance against breast cancer. Disadvantages of near-infrared breast scanning: except for inflammation and hematoma, 80% of benign lesions are not imaged; it is not ideal for diagnosing cancers smaller than 1 cm.

5. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

This is to insert a thin needle into the tumor and extract a small amount of tissue for cytological examination. This is a very good and direct examination. It is not only inexpensive, but the test results are often very accurate. Hospitals with conditions can also combine B-ultrasound and X-ray positioning for puncture, which may find early cancers that cannot be felt.

6. Biopsy

VII. Others

Magnetic resonance imaging has been listed as a more advanced means of diagnosing breast cancer abroad. It has unparalleled advantages over other measures in stereoscopic positioning of early lesions and determining the scope of resection in breast-conserving surgery. Of course, there are very few MRIs that can actually be used for breasts in China. In addition, the elastic coefficients of different tissues in the breast are different. The larger the elastic coefficient of the tissue, the greater the hardness of the tissue. The elastic coefficients are arranged from large to small as invasive cancer > non-invasive cancer > breast fibrosis > breast > adipose tissue. The examination results include the size, shape, hardness, and location of the lesion, and can provide standardized clinical diagnosis results.

The above is an introduction to "What are the methods for examining breast cancer?" People who are related to the pathogenic factors of breast cancer are advised to take preventive measures against breast cancer. If you have other questions about breast cancer, please consult our experts online or call for consultation.

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