What are the causes of laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the Department of Otolaryngology. Although laryngeal cancer is not as common as uterine cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and nasal cancer, its incidence rate ranks 19th among all malignant tumors, but it ranks third among malignant tumors in the Department of Otolaryngology, second only to nasopharyngeal cancer and nasal cancer.

The occurrence of laryngeal cancer varies by race and region. Data show that the incidence in Russia accounts for about 1% of malignant tumors in all organs of the body, while in the UK and the US it is 1-2%. The incidence in Western Europe is even higher, and in North China and Northeast my country it is much higher than in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. According to the analysis of 7,584 cases of malignant tumors by Jilin Medical University, laryngeal cancer accounted for 384 cases, ranking fifth among all malignant tumors of the body, but the statistics of the provinces south of the Yangtze River are far lower than this number. Laryngeal cancer is more common in middle-aged men, with the 50-60 age group being the most common, and those under 30 years old are rare. According to the literature, the youngest age is only 9 years old. The relatively consistent and close conclusion of domestic statistics is that the average age is 56.6 years old, and there are more people aged 51-70, accounting for more than 80%. This disease has obvious gender differences, mostly occurring in men, accounting for 90%-95%, with a male-female ratio of 8:1. Not only is the number of cases related to gender, but the location of the disease is also related. Men are mainly vocal cord cancer, while women are more likely to have supraglottic cancer.

With the development of industry, the increase in the number of smokers and the increase in air pollution, the incidence of laryngeal cancer is on the rise. The in-depth study of laryngeal embryonic histology has made great progress in the treatment of laryngeal cancer, especially in the prognosis of laryngeal cancer patients in China and the recovery and reconstruction of their functions.

Causes

Laryngeal cancer, like other tumors in the body, has many causes, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Chronic stimulation From the original site of laryngeal cancer, it is easy to occur in the most obvious part of the vocal cord activity friction. Therefore, it is speculated that the occurrence of laryngeal cancer may be related to long-term friction and chronic inflammatory stimulation. Among various chronic inflammatory stimulation factors, tobacco and alcohol stimulation are the most important. Clinical statistics show that more than 90% of laryngeal cancer patients are long-term smokers and drinkers, and the probability of occurrence is positively correlated with the time and amount of smoking. Smokers and drinkers are at greater risk of developing the disease. Experiments have shown that when normal mucosal epithelium is often and repeatedly subjected to inflammatory stimulation, cells will proliferate actively and atypically. At this time, the cytoplasm contains more RNA. The division and proliferation of cancer cells is actually the active replication of chromosome DNA and the synthesis of cancer proteases.

2. Air pollution According to literature, workers who have been engaged in wood processing for a long time or are frequently exposed to dust have an increased chance of developing laryngeal cancer. It is believed that asbestos dust has a direct relationship with the occurrence of laryngeal cancer.

3. Benign laryngeal diseases can become malignant. Benign diseases of the larynx, such as laryngeal keratosis and laryngeal papilloma, can become malignant if not treated in time or if they are repeatedly stimulated by inappropriate surgery. Some literature suggests that about 5% of laryngeal cancer patients develop from benign diseases.

4. Physical factors mainly refer to radiation. Radiation has carcinogenic effects and has long been noticed by clinicians. It is considered one of the inducing factors of other malignant tumors, including laryngeal cancer. Data suggest that patients who have received radiotherapy for other neck diseases in the past are more likely to develop laryngeal cancer than those who have not received radiation. The incubation period of laryngeal cancer after receiving radiation ranges from 5 to 50 years.

5. Other factors in the causes of laryngeal cancer. In addition to the above reasons, there are some other factors that are also valued by scholars, such as:

(1) Genetic factors: This is a widely recognized cause of other malignant tumors. It mainly refers to the fact that people with a genetic history are more likely to get sick than others under the influence of the same pathogenic factors. Although there are no reports of laryngeal cancer being inherited, it has also attracted people's attention.

(2) Viral infection: It has been confirmed that papilloma is a viral infection. However, papilloma is closely related to laryngeal cancer, so people also regard viral infection as one of the causes of laryngeal cancer.

pathology

The larynx is responsible for breathing and belongs to the lungs. The liver and kidney meridians run through it. The external evils of laryngeal cancer are mainly wind-heat, while the internal injuries are caused by physical weakness, excessive emotions, unclean diet, irregular daily life, excessive sexual intercourse, etc., which damage the liver and kidneys, cause yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity, and cause phlegm, fire and poison. The key is the deficiency of the body and the excess of the evil.

1. Toxic evil attacks the lungs. The six evil toxins turn into fire over time and invade the lungs, causing the lung qi to fail to flow, blood vessels to become blocked, qi stagnation and blood stasis to form tumors.

2. Phlegm, fire and toxicity accumulate in the lungs, causing heat and poison to invade the lungs. The lung qi cannot be released and its circulation is disrupted, and over time, a mass forms in the throat.

3. Deficiency of liver and kidney yin leads to depletion of yin qi, internal heat damages body fluid, depletes yin fluid, liver fire burns body fluid and produces phlegm, and phlegm and blood stasis coagulate to form lumps.

4. Organ dysfunction, deficiency of qi and blood, organ dysfunction, weakening of the body and strengthening of evil, damage to both qi and yin, disorder of qi and blood, blockage of meridians, and coagulation into lumps over time

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