The harm of acetonitrile to human body

People who have studied chemistry should be familiar with acetonitrile. Acetonitrile is a chemical and is often used as a solvent to make other substances in life. However, although acetonitrile is often used to make medicines and vitamins, acetonitrile itself is toxic. Excessive inhalation of acetonitrile by the human body can cause poisoning reactions. Today we will introduce the hazards of acetonitrile to the human body.

1. What is acetonitrile

Acetonitrile, also known as methyl cyanide, is a colorless liquid that is highly volatile and has a special odor similar to ether. It has excellent solvent properties and can dissolve a variety of organic, inorganic and gaseous substances. It is somewhat toxic and infinitely miscible with water and alcohol. Acetonitrile can undergo typical nitrile reactions and is used to prepare many typical nitrogen-containing compounds. It is an important organic intermediate. Acetonitrile can be used as a solvent for the synthesis of vitamin A, cortisone, carbonyl amine drugs and their intermediates, and is also used to make active medium solvents for vitamin B1 and amino acids. Can replace chlorinated solvents. Used in vinyl coatings, it is also used as an extractant for fatty acids, an alcohol denaturant, a butadiene extractant, and a solvent for acrylonitrile synthetic fibers. It also has many uses in fabric dyeing, lighting, perfume manufacturing, and photosensitive material manufacturing.

2. The harm of acetonitrile to human body

1. Routes of entry: inhalation, ingestion, and absorption through the skin.

2. Health hazards: The onset of acute poisoning from acetonitrile is slower than that from hydrocyanic acid, and may have an incubation period of several hours. The main symptoms are weakness, powerlessness, pale complexion, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, chest tightness, and chest pain; in severe cases, there are respiratory and circulatory system disorders, shallow, slow and irregular breathing, decreased blood pressure, thin and slow pulse, decreased body temperature, paroxysmal convulsions, and coma. There may be frequent urination, proteinuria, etc.

3. Notes

Explosion hazard: This product is flammable.

First aid measures:

Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and rinse skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation: Move quickly away from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airways open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water and induce vomiting. Gastric lavage was performed with 1:5000 potassium permanganate or 5% sodium thiosulfate solution. Seek medical attention.