What kind of disease is nail matrix nevus

There is a type of mole called the nail matrix nevus, which is easily overlooked. It is very likely to turn into a tumor, so you need to be extra careful once it becomes a tumor. Although lesions have occurred, if they do not cause discomfort, no treatment is required. There are many causes of nail matrix nevus, which will produce a black line on the nail. Malignant lesions require special attention, as the melanin is usually found under the dermis. The deeper you go, the darker the melanin is and the more serious the disease is.

The nail matrix nevus is a type of nevus. The most common symptom of nail matrix nevus is the black line on the nail, which can easily turn into melanoma and is easily ignored. Moles are abnormal tissues that appear during human development. The phenomenon of moles is very common in life, and almost every mole has the potential to become cancerous.

With the popularization of medical knowledge, people have a more comprehensive understanding of moles and are more vigilant about the cancerous transformation of moles. However, moles in certain special parts of the body are often easily overlooked, the most typical of which is the nail matrix nevus.

There are many reasons for the formation of black lines on the nails/nevus. Systemic pigmentary diseases and combined nail pigmentation can be seen in acanthosis nigricans, Addison's disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and vitamin B12 deficiency, Cushing's syndrome after adrenalectomy, or Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. Local inducing factors include trauma, fungal infection, eczematous changes, and subungual hemorrhage. Other factors may include drugs (chemotherapeutic drugs, antimalarial drugs, minocycline or gold preparations) inducing increased melanocyte activity, which can lead to black lines on the nails. Clinically, they should be diagnosed as black lines on the nails.

Manifestation

① Epithelioid nevus cells are arranged regularly, the epidermis is mildly acanthotic and hyperkeratotic, and the epidermal ridges can be elongated.

② If the nevus cells are close to the dermis or inside the dermis, the nevus cells are spindle-shaped. The cellular nevi in ​​the epidermis contain a large amount of pigment, and the lower the location, the less pigment there is in the cells.

③ Generally, unless there is trauma or malignancy, there is little or no inflammation in the dermis. In addition, according to the location of nevus cells in the skin, they can be divided into junctional nevus, mixed nevus and intradermal nevus.

Malignant melanoma is suspected in the following cases:

① Cells show anaplasia or atypia: mainly enlarged and darkly stained nuclei, and cells of varying sizes;

② Malignant junctional differentiation: The nevus cells at the junction of the epidermis and dermis show atypical proliferation, the cells are scattered and not in nests, or the nests are fused, and there is a continuous proliferation of atypical melanocytes in the basal layer between the epidermal ridges;

③ Atypical moles break through the basal layer and penetrate into the dermis;

④Except for juvenile melanoma, generally, the nuclear mitosis of nevus cells is not seen in the deep dermis. If this phenomenon occurs, it is often a sign of malignant transformation;

⑤ Tumor cells spread throughout the entire layer of the epidermis.