Methods for stopping venous bleeding

Venous bleeding is very common in daily life. It not only causes great harm to physical health, but in severe cases it may even directly endanger life safety. Therefore, it is particularly important to learn some scientific methods of stopping bleeding. Finger pressure hemostasis, padded flexion hemostasis and tourniquet hemostasis all have significant effects in quickly stopping bleeding. Friends in need can learn about them.

1. Venous bleeding

Generally, the bleeding is stopped by pressing the distal end of the injured vein. After arterial or venous bleeding has been stopped, the patient should be sent to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

2. Introduction to methods of hemostasis of venous bleeding

(I) Finger pressure hemostasis

Finger pressure hemostasis is the fastest temporary hemostasis method for arterial bleeding. It involves using fingers or palms to forcefully press the artery against the bone at the upper end of the injured area to block the flow of blood so as to stop the bleeding immediately. However, it is only limited to the more superficial parts of the body and arteries that are easily compressed.

1. Brachial artery compression hemostasis method: This method is suitable for bleeding in the hands, forearms and lower upper arms. The method to stop bleeding is to use the thumb or the other four fingers to press the artery towards the humerus at the pulsation point on the inner side of the upper arm to achieve the purpose of stopping bleeding.

2. Femoral artery compression hemostasis method: This method is suitable for lower limb bleeding. The method to stop bleeding is to use the thumbs of both hands to press the femoral artery on the femur at the midpoint of the groin (thigh root), where the artery beats, to stop the bleeding.

3. Head compression hemostasis method: Compress the superficial carotid artery in front of the ear, which is suitable for bleeding in the front of the head. When there is facial bleeding, compress the mandibular artery in the anterior depression of the mandibular angle. In case of severe bleeding in the head and face, compress the carotid arteries on both sides of the trachea in the neck, but do not compress both sides at the same time.

4. Hand compression hemostasis method: If the palm is bleeding, compress the radial artery and ulnar artery. When a finger is bleeding, press the digital arteries on both sides of the bleeding finger.

5. Foot compression hemostasis method: When the foot is bleeding, compress the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery.

(ii) Padded flexion hemostasis method

Padded flexion hemostasis is a temporary hemostatic measure for arterial bleeding in non-fracture trauma of the limbs. When bleeding occurs in the forearm or calf, you can place gauze, cotton, or towel in the elbow or calf as a pad, flex the joint, and use a bandage to tightly bind the limb in the flexed position.

(3) Tourniquet hemostasis method The tourniquet hemostasis method mainly uses a rubber tube or rubber tube tourniquet to compress the blood vessels to achieve the purpose of hemostasis. This method of hemostasis is firmer and more reliable, but it can only be used for massive bleeding in the limb arteries.

1. Tourniquet ligation method: How to use a rubber tourniquet: Hold the rubber band with your left hand, leaving about 16cm at the back; tighten the ring with your right hand, and pass the front end to your left hand, pinch it with your middle and index fingers, pull it down along the limb, and insert the front end into the ring to ensure it is not loose. If there is severe bleeding in the limbs and a tourniquet is needed to stop the bleeding, but there is no rubber tourniquet on site, you can use local materials such as a cloth tourniquet, string or hemp rope. When using a cloth tourniquet to stop bleeding, place it flat into the ring and tighten it to secure it. When using a string or hemp rope to stop bleeding, you can tighten it and secure it.

2. Matters needing attention when using a tourniquet

(1) The tourniquet should be placed proximal to the wound. Both the upper arms and thighs should be stretched in the upper 1/3. It is forbidden to apply a tourniquet to the middle 1/3 of the upper arm to avoid compressing the nerves and causing upper limb paralysis. (2) Before applying a tourniquet, use a towel or other piece of cloth or cotton wool as a pad. Do not tie the tourniquet directly on the skin. In an emergency, roll up your trouser legs or sleeves and tie the tourniquet on them. (3) The tightness of the bandage should be appropriate. Too tight may damage the nerves, while too loose may fail to stop the bleeding. Generally, the degree of bleeding is determined when the distal arterial pulse cannot be felt or the bleeding stops.

(4) If the ligation time is too long, it may cause limb ischemia and necrosis. Therefore, you need to relax for 2 to 3 minutes every hour (upper or lower limbs); during the relaxation period, use finger pressure to temporarily stop the bleeding. In cold seasons, you should relax every 30 minutes. If the ligation site lasts for more than 2 hours, the ligation should be changed to a higher position than the original one.

(5) There should be a sign indicating the time and location of tourniquet application. The injured who have their bleeding stopped by a tourniquet should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible to prevent necrosis of the limbs distal to the bleeding site due to ischemia.