Do I need to take insulin for life?

In fact, drugs like insulin do not need to be injected for life. The specific choice should be based on the symptoms you suffer from. If you inject too much, it will not be good for your body. After all, drugs always have side effects, let alone insulin. Therefore, you must inject according to regulations. Only in this way can you prevent any complications after recovery.

The genes controlling insulin synthesis are on the short arm of chromosome 11. If the gene is normal, the structure of the insulin produced is normal; if the gene is mutated, the structure of the insulin produced is abnormal, which is called mutant insulin. In the nucleus of β cells, the DNA of the insulin gene region on the short arm of chromosome 11 is transcribed into mRNA, which moves from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cytoplasm and is translated into preproinsulin consisting of 105 amino acid residues.

Preproinsulin undergoes proteolysis to remove its propeptide, generating a long peptide chain consisting of 86 amino acids - proinsulin (45343345). Proinsulin enters the Golgi apparatus along with the microvesicles in the cytoplasm, and through the action of proteolytic enzymes, the chain connected by the three arginines 75, 55, and 6075 is cut off, breaking the chain to produce ineffective C-peptide. At the same time, insulin is produced and secreted outside the β cells and enters the blood circulation. A small portion of proinsulin that has not been hydrolyzed by proteases enters the blood circulation along with insulin, and the biological activity of proinsulin is only 5% of that of insulin.

Inactivated.

The pancreatic β cells store about 200 U of insulin and secrete about 40 U per day. When fasting, plasma insulin concentration is 5-15 μU/mL. Plasma insulin levels can increase 5 to 10 times after a meal.

1. Animal insulin: extracted from the pancreas of pigs and cows, both have the same medicinal effects.

1. Ultra-short-acting: takes effect 15 minutes after injection, with peak concentration 1 to 2 hours (subcutaneous). (e.g. insulin aspart, insulin lispro)

2. Short-acting (rapid-acting): It takes effect 30 minutes after injection, reaches peak concentration in 2 to 4 hours, and lasts for 5 to 8 hours (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injection). (such as regular insulin, regular insulin)

3. Medium-effect: takes effect 2 to 4 hours after injection, reaches peak concentration in 6 to 12 hours, and lasts for 24 to 28 hours (subcutaneous). (such as low-protamine zinc insulin)

4. Long-acting: effective 4 to 6 hours after injection, available in two types: high 75527. (Protamine zinc insulin)

5. Super long-acting: It takes effect 3 to 6 hours after injection and lasts for 6 to 24 hours (subcutaneous). (Insulin detemir, insulin glargine)

7. Premix: It takes effect 0.5 hours after injection and lasts for 24 hours (subcutaneous). (Biphasic Insulin)