What are the nursing measures for phlebitis?

Phlebitis can be simply understood as inflammation of the veins. This disease can cause harm to the blood vessels, so patients still need to be examined and treated as soon as possible. The treatment of phlebitis also requires corresponding care, such as rational selection of puncture blood vessels, performance of aseptic operations, etc., to avoid the worsening of vasculitis.

Preventive measures for phlebitis

1. Reasonable selection of puncture blood vessels should be relatively thick, straight, elastic, with abundant blood flow, no venous valves, avoiding joints, and easy to fix. Generally, the palmar forearm vein is chosen, and the lower limb vein is avoided as much as possible, because the lower limb veins have many valves, slow blood flow, and are prone to phlebitis. Patients receiving long-term infusion should plan to protect and rationally use their veins, follow the principle of from distal to proximal, and avoid scarred, injured, and infected veins.

2. Strictly implement aseptic operation. First, the operator should wash his hands carefully before operation, check the intravenous needle and transparent dressing, and whether the disinfectant is within the validity period. During puncture, the disinfection range should be more than 8 cm to improve the success rate of one-time puncture, try to get blood in one shot, and reduce mechanical stimulation and damage to blood vessels. After successful puncture, fix it with a sterile transparent patch and change it every 72 hours. The gauze dressing should be changed every 48 hours. If the patch is not sticky or contaminated, it should be replaced in time to prevent the occurrence of bacterial phlebotomy. The peripheral intravenous catheter is kept in place for 72-96 hours.

3. Rationally infuse fluids and drugs. Select the appropriate infusion route based on the type, pH value, osmotic pressure, concentration, dosage, and administration rate of the solution or drug used. First, the infusion rate should be adjusted according to the nature of the drug and the amount of liquid. When injecting highly irritating drugs or replacing large amounts of fluid, a large vein should be selected and the speed should not be too fast. For example, when injecting fat emulsion or mannitol, the infusion set can be connected to the sodium chloride solution during puncture. After the puncture is successful, high-concentration or highly irritating drugs can be connected. This can prevent fluid leakage from damaging the blood vessel wall and effectively prevent the occurrence of phlebitis. Literature reports: Mannitol should be heated to 35°C when infused and intravenously infused using a cannula to reduce damage to the blood vessel wall. In terms of the order of infusion, hypertonic or highly irritating fluids should be infused first, followed by isotonic or less irritating fluids. Sodium chloride solution should be used to flush the tube before and after the infusion of blood products to reduce the adhesion of active ingredients, avoid harmful drug residues in blood vessels causing damage, and reduce the occurrence of phlebitis.